When you remove the authenticated users to specify only specific groups\devices\users there are some extra steps that must be taken before the GPO will apply.

You will need to grant domain computers with READ access on the delegation tab before it will work.

See this Thread for further details

Since Microsoft added MS16-072: Security update for Group Policy: update to Servers :

“MS16-072 changes the security context with which user group policies are retrieved. This by-design behavior change protects customers’ computers from a security vulnerability. Before MS16-072 is installed, user group policies were retrieved by using the user’s security context. After MS16-072 is installed, user group policies are retrieved by using the computer’s security context. This issue is applicable for the following KB articles”

For every GPO with user or group security filtering you must add to the “Delegation” tab “Authenticated users” group with permissions “READ”. Security filtering can stay the same.
For every GPO with Computer security filtering you must add to the “Delegation” tab “Domain Computers” group with permissions “READ”. Security filtering can stay the same.

This assumes this is a computer targeted Policy. If it also targets user settings don’t forget to target your account and also add Domain Users with Read rights in the delegation

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