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Dengue infection

Nature Reviews Disease Primers volume 2, Article number: 16055 (2016) Cite this article

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Abstract

Dengue is widespread throughout the tropics and local spatial variation in dengue virus transmission is strongly influenced by rainfall, temperature, urbanization and distribution of the principal mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Currently, endemic dengue virus transmission is reported in the Eastern Mediterranean, American, South-East Asian, Western Pacific and African regions, whereas sporadic local transmission has been reported in Europe and the United States as the result of virus introduction to areas where Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus, a secondary vector, occur. The global burden of the disease is not well known, but its epidemiological patterns are alarming for both human health and the global economy. Dengue has been identified as a disease of the future owing to trends toward increased urbanization, scarce water supplies and, possibly, environmental change. According to the WHO, dengue control is technically feasible with coordinated international technical and financial support for national programmes. This Primer provides a general overview on dengue, covering epidemiology, control, disease mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment and research priorities.

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Figure 1: The 2009 WHO dengue clinical classification.
Figure 2: The urban dengue virus cycle in humans and mosquitoes.
Figure 3: The suitability of different regions for dengue virus transmission.
Figure 4: The changing epidemiology of dengue.
Figure 5: Dengue virus life cycle.
Figure 6: Factors involved in the control of dengue virus disease response.
Figure 7: Dengue diagnosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Tropical Medicine ‘Pedro Kouri’, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Autopista Novia del Mediodia, Km 6 1/2, Havana, 11400, Cuba

    Maria G. Guzman, Alienys Izquierdo & Eric Martinez

  2. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore

    Duane J. Gubler

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Scott B. Halstead

Authors
  1. Maria G. Guzman
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  2. Duane J. Gubler
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  3. Alienys Izquierdo
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  4. Eric Martinez
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  5. Scott B. Halstead
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Contributions

Introduction (M.G.G.); Epidemiology (D.J.G.); Mechanisms/pathophysiology (S.B.H.); Diagnosis, screening and prevention (A.I., D.J.G., E.M. and M.G.G.); Management (E.M.); Quality of life (E.M.); Outlook (M.G.G.); Overview of Primer (M.G.G.).

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Correspondence to Maria G. Guzman.

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Competing interests

D.J.G. is a patent holder on the Takeda vaccine and a stock holder in the company. He has consulted for Takeda and Sanofi, and was on the Scientific Advisory Board of Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases from 2003 to 2012. All other authors declare no competing interests.

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Guzman, M., Gubler, D., Izquierdo, A. et al. Dengue infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2, 16055 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.55

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