The path from C3 to C4 photosynthesis

doi:10.1104/pp.110.165308

. 2011 Jan;155(1):56-63.

doi: 10.1104/pp.110.165308. Epub 2010 Oct 12.

The path from C3 to C4 photosynthesis

Udo Gowik¹, Peter Westhoff

Affiliations

PMID: 20940348
PMCID: PMC3075750
DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.165308

The path from C3 to C4 photosynthesis

Udo Gowik et al. Plant Physiol. 2011 Jan.

. 2011 Jan;155(1):56-63.

doi: 10.1104/pp.110.165308. Epub 2010 Oct 12.

Authors

Udo Gowik¹, Peter Westhoff

Affiliation

¹ Institut für Entwicklungs und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. [email protected]

PMID: 20940348
PMCID: PMC3075750
DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.165308

No abstract available

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
NADP-ME type of C₄ photosynthesis. 3-PGA, 3-Phosphoglyceric acid; AspAT, Asp aminotransferase; AlaAT, Ala aminotransferase; CA, carbonic anhydrase; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; OAA, oxaloacetate; PPDK, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase; TP, triosephosphate.

**Figure 2.**
Stepwise evolution of C₄ photosynthesis.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. Akyildiz M, Gowik U, Engelmann S, Koczor M, Streubel M, Westhoff P. (2007) Evolution and function of a cis-regulatory module for mesophyll-specific gene expression in the C4 dicot Flaveria trinervia. Plant Cell 19: 3391–3402 - PMC - PubMed
1. Anderson LE. (1971) Chloroplast and cytoplasmic enzymes. II. Pea leaf triose phosphate isomerases. Biochim Biophys Acta 235: 237–244 - PubMed
1. Bauwe H. (2010) Photorespiration—the bridge to C4 photosynthesis. Raghavendra AS, Sage RF, , C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg-Berlin, pp 81–108
1. Bläsing OE, Westhoff P, Svensson P. (2000) Evolution of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Flaveria, a conserved serine residue in the carboxyl-terminal part of the enzyme is a major determinant for C4-specific characteristics. J Biol Chem 275: 27917–27923 - PubMed
1. Bräutigam A, Kajala K, Wullenweber J, Sommer M, Gagneul D, Weber KL, Carr KM, Gowik U, Maß J, Lercher MJ, et al. (2011) An mRNA blueprint for C4 photosynthesis derived from comparative transcriptomics of closely related C3 and C4 species. Plant Physiol 155: 142–156 - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Akyildiz M, Gowik U, Engelmann S, Koczor M, Streubel M, Westhoff P. (2007) Evolution and function of a cis-regulatory module for mesophyll-specific gene expression in the C4 dicot Flaveria trinervia. Plant Cell 19: 3391–3402 - PMC - PubMed

[2] Akyildiz M, Gowik U, Engelmann S, Koczor M, Streubel M, Westhoff P. (2007) Evolution and function of a cis-regulatory module for mesophyll-specific gene expression in the C4 dicot Flaveria trinervia. Plant Cell 19: 3391–3402 - PMC - PubMed

[3] Anderson LE. (1971) Chloroplast and cytoplasmic enzymes. II. Pea leaf triose phosphate isomerases. Biochim Biophys Acta 235: 237–244 - PubMed

[4] Anderson LE. (1971) Chloroplast and cytoplasmic enzymes. II. Pea leaf triose phosphate isomerases. Biochim Biophys Acta 235: 237–244 - PubMed

[5] Bauwe H. (2010) Photorespiration—the bridge to C4 photosynthesis. Raghavendra AS, Sage RF, , C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg-Berlin, pp 81–108

[6] Bauwe H. (2010) Photorespiration—the bridge to C4 photosynthesis. Raghavendra AS, Sage RF, , C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg-Berlin, pp 81–108

[7] Bläsing OE, Westhoff P, Svensson P. (2000) Evolution of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Flaveria, a conserved serine residue in the carboxyl-terminal part of the enzyme is a major determinant for C4-specific characteristics. J Biol Chem 275: 27917–27923 - PubMed

[8] Bläsing OE, Westhoff P, Svensson P. (2000) Evolution of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Flaveria, a conserved serine residue in the carboxyl-terminal part of the enzyme is a major determinant for C4-specific characteristics. J Biol Chem 275: 27917–27923 - PubMed

[9] Bräutigam A, Kajala K, Wullenweber J, Sommer M, Gagneul D, Weber KL, Carr KM, Gowik U, Maß J, Lercher MJ, et al. (2011) An mRNA blueprint for C4 photosynthesis derived from comparative transcriptomics of closely related C3 and C4 species. Plant Physiol 155: 142–156 - PMC - PubMed

[10] Bräutigam A, Kajala K, Wullenweber J, Sommer M, Gagneul D, Weber KL, Carr KM, Gowik U, Maß J, Lercher MJ, et al. (2011) An mRNA blueprint for C4 photosynthesis derived from comparative transcriptomics of closely related C3 and C4 species. Plant Physiol 155: 142–156 - PMC - PubMed

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The path from C3 to C4 photosynthesis

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The path from C3 to C4 photosynthesis

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