Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7

. 2020 Feb;578(7794):240-245.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres

Yong Yu^#^{1

2

3}, Fei Ma^#^{1

2

3

4}, Xi-Yu Luo^{1

2

3}, Bo Jing^{1

2

3}, Peng-Fei Sun^{1

2

3}, Ren-Zhou Fang^{1

2

3}, Chao-Wei Yang^{1

2

3}, Hui Liu^{1

2

3}, Ming-Yang Zheng⁴, Xiu-Ping Xie⁴, Wei-Jun Zhang⁵, Li-Xing You⁵, Zhen Wang⁵, Teng-Yun Chen^{1

2

3}, Qiang Zhang^{6

7

8

9}, Xiao-Hui Bao^{10

11

12}, Jian-Wei Pan^{13

14

15}

Affiliations

¹ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
² Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
³ CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
⁴ Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, China.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
⁷ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
⁸ CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
⁹ Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, China. [email protected].
¹⁰ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹¹ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹² CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹³ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹⁴ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹⁵ CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 32051600
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7

Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres

Yong Yu et al. Nature. 2020 Feb.

. 2020 Feb;578(7794):240-245.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
² Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
³ CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
⁴ Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, China.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
⁷ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
⁸ CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
⁹ Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, China. [email protected].
¹⁰ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹¹ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹² CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹³ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹⁴ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].
¹⁵ CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. [email protected].

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 32051600
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7

Abstract

A quantum internet that connects remote quantum processors^1,2 should enable a number of revolutionary applications such as distributed quantum computing. Its realization will rely on entanglement of remote quantum memories over long distances. Despite enormous progress^3-12, at present the maximal physical separation achieved between two nodes is 1.3 kilometres¹⁰, and challenges for longer distances remain. Here we demonstrate entanglement of two atomic ensembles in one laboratory via photon transmission through city-scale optical fibres. The atomic ensembles function as quantum memories that store quantum states. We use cavity enhancement to efficiently create atom-photon entanglement^13-15 and we use quantum frequency conversion¹⁶ to shift the atomic wavelength to telecommunications wavelengths. We realize entanglement over 22 kilometres of field-deployed fibres via two-photon interference^17,18 and entanglement over 50 kilometres of coiled fibres via single-photon interference¹⁹. Our experiment could be extended to nodes physically separated by similar distances, which would thus form a functional segment of the atomic quantum network, paving the way towards establishing atomic entanglement over many nodes and over much longer distances.

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References

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[1] Kimble, H. J. The quantum internet. Nature 453, 1023–1030 (2008). - PubMed

[2] Kimble, H. J. The quantum internet. Nature 453, 1023–1030 (2008). - PubMed

[3] Wehner, S., Elkouss, D. & Hanson, R. Quantum internet: a vision for the road ahead. Science 362, eaam9288 (2018). - PubMed

[4] Wehner, S., Elkouss, D. & Hanson, R. Quantum internet: a vision for the road ahead. Science 362, eaam9288 (2018). - PubMed

[5] Julsgaard, B., Kozhekin, A. & Polzik, E. S. Experimental long-lived entanglement of two macroscopic objects. Nature 413, 400–403 (2001). - PubMed

[6] Julsgaard, B., Kozhekin, A. & Polzik, E. S. Experimental long-lived entanglement of two macroscopic objects. Nature 413, 400–403 (2001). - PubMed

[7] Chou, C. W. et al. Measurement-induced entanglement for excitation stored in remote atomic ensembles. Nature 438, 828–832 (2005). - PubMed

[8] Chou, C. W. et al. Measurement-induced entanglement for excitation stored in remote atomic ensembles. Nature 438, 828–832 (2005). - PubMed

[9] Moehring, D. L. et al. Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance. Nature 449, 68–71 (2007). - PubMed

[10] Moehring, D. L. et al. Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance. Nature 449, 68–71 (2007). - PubMed

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Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres

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Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres

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