Abstract: A method for bonding a first substrate and a second substrate includes: forming a protrusion at a partial region of the first substrate; measuring a position of the first substrate after the protrusion is formed in the first substrate; and bonding the first substrate and the second substrate by contacting the protrusion of the first substrate with a surface of the second substrate to form a contact region and enlarging the contact region.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a first pixel having a first photoelectric conversion unit that generates an electric charge through photoelectric conversion of light, and a first output unit that generates a first signal based upon the electric charge generated by the first photoelectric conversion unit and outputs the first signal; a second pixel having a second photoelectric conversion unit that generates an electric charge through photoelectric conversion of light, and a second output unit that generates a second signal based upon the electric charge generated by the second photoelectric conversion unit and outputs the second signal; and an adjustment unit that adjusts a capacitance at the first output unit upon outputting of the first signal and the second signal from the first output unit.

Abstract: In a beam irradiation apparatus in which a movable body holds an object, a mark detection system detects a first mark on the movable body while moving the movable body in a first direction and changing an irradiation position of a measurement beam in the first direction, the mark detection system detects a second mark while moving the movable body in the first direction and changing the irradiation position of the measurement beam in the first direction, a controller controls a position of the movable body in a second direction intersecting the first direction during a time period between the detection of the first mark and the detection of the second mark, and the controller controls the movement of the movable body to adjust a positional relation between the object on the movable body and a processing beam, based on results of the detection of the first and second marks.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises, in order from an object, a first lens group (G1) having negative refractive power, a second lens group (G2) having positive refractive power, a third lens group (G3) having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group (G4) having positive refractive power to satisfy the following conditional expression: 1.60<(?f1)/fw<2.50 where, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens group; and fw denotes a focal length of the zoom lens as a whole in a wide-angle end state.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: an input unit that inputs data for imaging conditions for each of a plurality of imaging regions included in an image capturing unit, different imaging conditions being set for each of the imaging regions; and a recording control unit that correlates the data for imaging conditions inputted from the input unit with the imaging regions and records correlated data in a recording unit.

Abstract: A lens barrel of the invention includes: an imaging optical system including a focus adjustment lens; a driver that drives the focus adjustment lens in a direction of an optical axis; a transceiver that transmits and receives a signal to and from a camera body; and a controller that controls the transceiver to repeatedly transmit a first image plane transfer coefficient which is determined in correspondence with a position of the focus adjustment lens included in the imaging optical system and a second image plane transfer coefficient which does not depend on the position of the focus adjustment lens to the camera body at a predetermined interval, and, when the controller repeatedly transmits the second image plane transfer coefficient to the camera body, the controller varies the second image plane transfer coefficient over time.

Abstract: An information processing device comprises: an image processor which generates surface information from point cloud data generated on the basis of position information of an object, using a value of a first parameter and a value of a second parameter; and a display controller which causes a display to display a surface image on the basis of the generated surface information, wherein the image processor generates a plurality of pieces of surface information, using a plurality of values of the first parameter and a plurality of values of the second parameter, and the display controller causes the display to display a plurality of surface images on the basis of the plurality of pieces of generated surface information.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a first imaging region that captures an image of light entering through an optical system under a first imaging condition and generates a detection signal to perform focus detection of the optical system; and a second imaging region that captures an image of the light entering through the optical system under a second imaging condition other than the first imaging condition and generates an image signal.

Abstract: An image processing method, which is executed by a processor, comprises acquiring a choroidal vascular image, identifying, in the choroidal vascular image, a plurality of blood vessel center points of a choroidal blood vessel along a flow direction of the choroidal blood vessel, and computing a blood vessel diameter for each of the plurality of identified blood vessel center points.

Abstract: An image display method executed by a processor comprises displaying a screen including a two-dimensional fundus image of an examined eye and a three-dimensional eyeball image of the examined eye, finding a second region in the three-dimensional eyeball image that corresponds to a first region specified in the two-dimensional fundus image, and displaying a mark indicating the second region in the three-dimensional eyeball image.

Abstract: A video compression apparatus configured to compress a plurality of frames outputted from an imaging element that has a first imaging region in which a subject is captured and a second imaging region in which a subject is captured, and in which a first imaging condition can be set for the first imaging region and a second imaging condition differing from the first imaging condition can be set for the second imaging region, includes: an image processing unit configured to execute image processing based on the second imaging condition on image data outputted from the first imaging region by the imaging element capturing the subject; and a compression unit configured to compress each of the frames subjected to the image processing by the image processing unit on the basis of block matching with a frame differing from the frame.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light and generates a charge; and an A/D conversion unit that converts the analog signal generated due to charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit into a digital signal, wherein: the A/D conversion unit includes a comparison unit that compares the analog signal with a reference signal and a first circuit layer including a first capacitor for generating the reference signal and a second circuit layer laminated to the first circuit layer and including with a second capacitor for generating the reference signal.

Abstract: An image processing method, which is executed by a processor, comprises acquiring choroid information from an image of a fundus of an examined eye, and comparing the choroid information against a choroid normative database and determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the fundus.

Abstract: A sample preparation method includes: irradiating a first region of a sample with light at a time t1; irradiating a second region different from the first region with the tight at a time t2 after the time t1; and fixing the sample at a time t3 after the time t2. A sample preparing apparatus includes: a light radiating unit that irradiates a first region of a sample with light at time t1 and irradiates a second region different from the first region with the light at a time t2 after the time t1; and a fixing unit that fixes the sample at a time t3 after the time t2.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light to generate an electric charge; and an AD conversion unit having a comparison unit that compares a signal caused by an electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit with a reference signal, a first storage unit in a first circuit layer, the first storage unit storing a first signal based on a signal output from the comparison unit, and a second storage unit in a second circuit layer that is stacked on the first circuit layer, the second storage unit storing a second signal based on the signal output from the comparison unit.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument including a light source, an optical system to guide light from the light source onto a right eye retina of a subject and/or onto a left eye retina of the subject, and a control section to control the optical system so as to perform a visual field test on the right eye retina and/or the left eye retina by the light being shone onto the right-eye retina and/or the left-eye retina.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device including a scanning optical system configured to scan an examined eye with light from a light source, a fixation light source configured to illuminate fixation light onto the examined eye through the scanning optical system so as to function as a fixation target, and a fixation light scanning section configured to scan the fixation light synchronized to scanning of the scanning optical system such that an illuminated fixation target does not move a specific distance or greater due to scanning of the scanning optical system.

Abstract: A device includes an image processing unit configured to calculate color information of at least one cell in a captured image and a determination unit configured to determine a cultured state of the cell on the basis of the color information calculated by the image processing unit.

Abstract: A portable information device including a body, a position information portion that is provided in the body and that outputs position information, an image sensor that is provided in the body, a display system that is provided in the body and that displays, on a local field in a screen field, relevant information based on the position information such that the displayed relevant information is overlapped on a real-time image, an input portion that is provided on the body and, by use of which user operates an icon, the icon being displayed on the local field such that the displayed icon is overlapped on the real-time image and an imaging button that is provided, separately from the input portion, on the body and that is operated by user to capture a subject image via the image sensor.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: an input unit, first image data being a portion of an image with first and second photographic subjects being imaged being inputted therein, the second subject to be displayed after the first, and the first subject again to be displayed by repeating control to shift a portion of the image displayed upon the display unit in a first direction and to display a portion not displayed; and an image generation unit generating, from the first image data, second image data including the first and second subjects, and the second subject is arranged towards the first direction from the first subject, if a first distance by which the image displayed shifts from the first subject being displayed until the second subject is displayed is longer than a second distance by which the image displayed shifts from the second subject until the first subject is displayed.

Abstract: An analysis device includes: a cell image acquisition unit that acquires a plurality of cell images in which a stimulated cell has been captured; a feature value calculation unit that calculates a feature value for each of first and second constituent elements constituting the cell, from the cell images acquired by the cell image acquisition unit; a correlation calculation unit that calculates correlations between first feature values and between second feature values in the first and second constituent elements calculated by the feature value calculation unit; a correlation extraction unit that extracts the correlation between the first feature values by selecting the first feature values with respect to the correlations between the feature values in the first and second constituent elements calculated by the correlation calculation unit; and a display unit that displays the correlation between the first feature values extracted by the correlation extraction unit.

Abstract: Lithographic exposure tool and method for operating thereof are provided that includes modification of the tool (assessed based on the measurements of geometrical distortions caused, in the tool, by the exposure process and used to train the exposure tool) to ensure that such geometrical distortions are reduced for any chosen exposure process. The method includes processing first data (representing distortions caused by initial exposure run(s)) to estimate second data (representing distortions that would occur for another exposure run); and forming a modified exposure tool by changing at least one of a) a geometrical path or a path along which the workpiece stage is repositioned during the operation of the exposure tool; b) one or more of a presence, position, orientation, size and shape of an optical component of an optical projection sub-system of the optical system of the exposure tool; and c) a parameter of scanning synchronization of the exposure tool.

Abstract: An optical delay between a first fiber and a second fiber is temperature compensated by combining fibers with different thermal path length changes. In some examples, fibers with different buffer coatings exhibit different path length changes per unit length and temperature. Combining such fibers in a fiber array provides a path length difference that is substantially independent of temperature.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes an imaging element having a plurality of image capture regions, each of the image capture regions having a plurality of pixels for generating an image signal; a setting unit that sets different image capture conditions for the plurality of image capture regions; and a control unit that corrects a portion of an image signal of a photographic subject captured under first image capture conditions in an image capture region among the plurality of image capture regions so that it is as if the portion of the image signal was captured under second image capture conditions.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable optical filter and a method for switching and adjusting the wavelength tunable optical filter. The optical filter includes a liquid crystal cell comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal mixture inserted between two electrodes configured to apply a voltage, the cholesteric liquid crystal mixture comprising a chiral dopant and a dual frequency liquid crystal host material, the liquid crystal cell having a reference Bragg reflection wavelength in the spectral range between 300 nm and 900 nm, and the liquid crystal cell having a first Bragg reflection wavelength, when the applied voltage is modulated at a frequency comprised in an intermediate frequency range which is above a cross-over frequency and below a high frequency limit, the first Bragg reflection wavelength being different from the reference Bragg reflection wavelength and the cholesteric liquid crystal mixture being non-scattering both in the reference Bragg reflection mode and in the first Bragg reflection mode.

Abstract: An image-capturing device includes: an image sensor that captures an image of a subject to output an image-capturing signal; a development processing unit that generates development data based on the image-capturing signal; and an output control unit that outputs the development data to an external device in a predetermined transmission format via a connecting member that connects the image-capturing device to the external device. The output control unit outputs the image-capturing signal to the external device via the connecting member in the predetermined transmission format.

Abstract: Polarized light which is emitted from an optical fiber becomes circular polarized light by passing through a first quarter wave plate. The circular polarized light which has entered a second quarter wave plate is converted into nearly linear polarized light which has S polarization. P polarization components are removed from the nearly linear polarized light by a polarizer, but the polarizer is not always necessary. The optical axis of the polarizer is set to be a direction which allows transmitting of S polarized light. The light that has passed through the polarizer is separated into diffracted lights by a diffraction grating, and is used as the structured illumination light.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus that scans and exposes each of a plurality of areas on a glass substrate, by irradiating the substrate with an illumination light via a projection optical system and relatively driving the substrate with respect to the illumination light, is equipped with: a substrate holder that levitates and supports a first area of the substrate; a substrate carrier that holds the glass substrate levitated and supported by the substrate holder; an X coarse movement stage that drives the substrate holder; an X voice coil motor that drives the substrate carrier; and a controller that controls the X coarse movement stage and the X voice coil motor so that the substrate holder and the substrate carrier are driven, respectively, in scanning exposure. Accordingly, an exposure apparatus with improved position controllability of an object can be provided.

Abstract: A charged particle beam optical apparatus has a plurality of irradiation optical systems each of which irradiates an object with a charged particle beam and a first control apparatus configured to control a second irradiation optical system on the basis of an operation state of a first irradiation optical system.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first display unit that displays a first image at a remote position; a second display unit that displays a second image at a position different from the position of the first image; a detection unit that detects an operation performed by a user with respect to the first image; and a display control unit that adjusts a display mode for at least either one of; the first image displayed by the first display unit and the second image displayed by the second display unit, based upon the operation detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: A fluorescence observation device includes: a first intensity-modulating unit that intensity-modulates, at a frequency f1, pump light that excites fluorescence of an observed subject; a second intensity-modulating unit that intensity-modulates, at a frequency f2 different from the frequency f1, probe light that induces stimulated emission of the observed subject; a light-receiving unit that receives the fluorescence from the observed subject irradiated with the intensity-modulated pump light and probe light; and a sensing unit that senses a component with a frequency of i×f1±j×f2 (i and j are positive integers, at least one of which is equal to or larger than two) in a reception-light signal sensed at the light-receiving unit.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes: a plurality of first pixels that have a plurality of color components, and that generate first signals by photoelectrically converting incident light; a plurality of second pixels that generate second signals by photoelectrically converting light that has passed through the first pixels; and a drive unit that reads out the first signals from the first pixels, and that reads out the second signals from the second pixels at timings that are different from timings of reading out the first signals.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first semiconductor substrate provided with a pixel, including a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light to generate an electric charge, an accumulation unit that accumulates the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit, and a transfer unit that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to the accumulation unit, and a second semiconductor substrate provided with a supply unit for the pixel, the supply unit supplying the transfer unit with a transfer signal to transfer the electric charge from the photoelectric conversion unit to the accumulation unit.

Abstract: An encoder device including: a position detection unit for detecting position information of a moving part; a magnet having a plurality of polarities along a moving direction of the moving part; an electric signal generation unit for generating an electric signal, based on a magnetic characteristic of a magnetosensitive part, the electric signal generation unit having the magnetosensitive part whose magnetic characteristic is changed by a change in magnetic field associated with movement of the moving part and a first magnetic body for guiding magnetic flux lines of the magnet toward the magnetosensitive part; and a second magnetic body for guiding magnetic flux lines of a part having one polarity of the magnet toward a part having other polarity of the magnet, the second magnetic body being disposed between the magnet and the magnetosensitive part.

Abstract: A device includes: a distribution information acquiring part configured to acquire, based on an image in which a plurality of cells that are cultivated in a predetermined area are imaged, distribution information relating to a distribution in the predetermined area of the plurality of cells; and a determination part configured to determine a cultivated state of the plurality of cells based on the distribution information acquired by the distribution information acquiring part.

Abstract: An illumination optical system is used with a reflective imaging optical system configured to form an image of a pattern arranged on a first plane onto a second plane, and is configured to illuminate an illumination area on the first plane with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes one or more reflecting mirrors configured to reflect the light from the light source to the first plane such that the reflected light reaches the first plane after crossing an optical path of a light which travels in the reflective imaging optical system.

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: A signal control apparatus includes a power supply device, a battery, a power switching section, a detector, and a display controller. A first mode is a mode in which electric power is supplied from the power supply device to each component provided in the signal control apparatus and a second mode is a mode in which electric power is supplied from the battery to the each component. The detector detects a volume of traffic on the basis of an image captured by an imaging device. The power switching section selects the first mode when a voltage or a current supplied to the power supply device is larger than a predetermined threshold value and selects the second mode when a voltage or a current supplied to the power supply device is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels each including: a first and a second photoelectric conversion unit that perform photoelectric conversion upon light that has passed through a micro lens and generates a charge; a first accumulation unit that accumulates the charge generated by the first conversion unit; a second accumulation unit that accumulates the charge generated by the second conversion unit; a third accumulation unit that accumulates the charges generated by the first and second conversion units; a first transfer unit that transfers the charge generated by the first conversion unit to the first accumulation unit; a second transfer unit that transfers the charge generated by the second conversion unit to the second accumulation unit; and a third transfer unit that transfers the charges generated by the first and second conversion units to the third accumulation unit.

Abstract: A camera includes: an image capturing unit that outputs a signal by capturing a subject image via an optical system having a focus adjustment optical system; a detection unit that detects an in-focus position at which the subject image is in focus on the image capturing unit by the optical system based on the signal outputted from the image capturing unit; a control unit that controls a position of the focus adjustment optical system so as to focus continuously upon a specified subject based on the in-focus position detected by the detection unit; and an acquisition unit that acquires information related to at least one of a distance to the specified subject, a size of the specified subject, and the optical system; wherein the control unit controls the position of the focus adjustment optical system based on the information acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: An element includes a plurality of light-receiving elements to photoelectrically convert light received from an object, a convolution processing unit to perform convolution operation on signals that are output from the plurality of light-receiving elements, and a pooling processing unit to sample a signal that is output from the convolution processing unit, based on a predetermined condition. The convolution operation of the convolution processing unit and the sampling of the pooling processing unit are repeated.

Abstract: A camera system and a lens barrel are provided in an exchangeable-lens camera including a shake correction mechanism that integrally drives a lens barrel and an imaging unit, it being possible for lenses to be exchanged smoothly, and greater utility and convenience to be obtained. A lens barrel to and from which a camera body can be attached and detached, wherein the lens barrel includes: a first barrel having a first engagement part that engages with a first part of the camera body; a second barrel disposed inside the first barrel, the second barrel having a second engagement part that engages with a second part of the camera body, and having an optical system; and a drive unit that drives the second barrel in relation to the first barrel.

Abstract: Techniques for sub-pixel resolution of an individual observation of ionizing radiation by electrode gerrymandering employ specialized pixel electrode geometries and a contracting-grid search to determine an energy deposition location and an estimate of the total deposited energy. Shaped pixel electrodes in a two-dimensional array of pixel electrodes enable redistribution of induced electrical signals to more than one pixel electrode by extending the pixel electrode's reach beyond that of a conventional pixel electrode so that an area or a portion of the pixel electrode is farther from its center than half a distance between its center and the pixel electrode center of an adjacent neighbor pixel electrode.

Abstract: The ophthalmic optical system is configured to apply an angular scanning light ray to an eye. M=|?out/?in| is defined, where ?in represents an angle between an incident light ray to the ophthalmic optical system and an optical axis of the ophthalmic optical system, and ?out represents an angle between an exiting light ray exiting from the ophthalmic optical system toward the eye and the optical axis. The ophthalmic optical system satisfies a conditional expression Mpar<Mmax, where Mpar represents M in a case that the incident light ray is a paraxial ray, Mmax represents M in a case that the incident light ray is a ray of a maximum angle of win.

Abstract: This light sensitive element comprises: a substrate; a light absorbing layer containing InGaA, the light absorbing layer being disposed on the substrates; and semiconductor layers containing InAsP. The semiconductor layers are disposed on an upper surface and on a lower surface of the light absorbing layer, respectively. The semiconductor layers constitutes a quantum well structure with the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a first readout circuit that reads out a first signal, being generated by an electric charge resulting from a photoelectric conversion, to a first signal line; a first holding circuit that holds a voltage based on an electric current from a power supply circuit; and a first electric current source that supplies the first signal line with an electric current generated by the voltage held in the first holding circuit, wherein: the first holding circuit holds the voltage based on the electric current from the power supply circuit when the first signal is not read out to the first signal line by the first readout circuit.

Abstract: A detection device including: a detector that detects an object from one viewpoint; a reliability calculator that calculates reliability information on the object at the one viewpoint by using a detection result of the detector; and an information calculator that calculates shape information on the object at the one viewpoint by using the detection result of the detector and the reliability information and calculates texture information on the object at the one viewpoint by using the detection result, the information calculator generates model information on the object at the one viewpoint based on the shape information and the texture information.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an imaging sensor that outputs an imaging signal representing a sequence of frame images of a photographic subject. A buffer memory temporarily stores data of the sequence of frame images from the imaging signal. A release switch is actuated by a user to output an image-taking signal. A controller, upon receipt of the image-taking signal from the release switch: (i) generates moving image data from at least some of the plurality of frame images stored in the buffer memory, (ii) generates at least one piece of still image data based on at least one frame image of the plurality of frame images stored in the buffer memory, and (iii) associates the moving image data with the still image data and records the moving image data and the still image data in a recording medium.

Abstract: A photocurable composition which can be used to manufacture a three-dimensional object that is formed by stacking a plurality of layers on top of each other, from which the three-dimensional object having excellent transparency, a high glass transition temperature, and a high hardness can be formed, and which exhibits a high curing rate. The photocurable composition is a photocurable composition used to manufacture a three-dimensional object that is formed by stacking a plurality of layers on top of each other. The photocurable composition contains a monofunctional monomer having a polycyclic aliphatic group, a polyfunctional monomer, an alcohol, and an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator.