Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises: an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit.

Abstract: An object is to remove paper powder from a conveyance path while preventing the paper powder floating in the conveyance path from sticking to an ejection port. The present disclosure is printing apparatus having: a conveyance unit configured to convey a printing medium; a print head having an ejection unit configured to eject a liquid to the printing medium and performing a printing operation; a blower unit configured to blow air from a downstream toward the printing area in the conveyance path during the printing operation; and a cap member switchable between a cap-closed state and a cap-open state, and after the printing operation terminates, the blower unit stops to blow air and the blower unit resumes to blow air after the cap member switches from the cap-open state into the cap-closed state.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of units each having a short-range wireless communication function capable of measuring position information relative to each other. A specification part specifies a positional relationship between the plurality of units, using information obtained by using the short-range wireless communication functions, a determination part uses the information obtained by using the short-range wireless communication functions to determine orientation information indicating orientation of a predetermined unit included in the plurality of units, and a generation part generates a layout chart of the plurality of units, based on the positional relationship between the plurality of units specified by the specification part and based on the orientation information. A display displays the layout chart, wherein information for enabling identification of a side of the predetermined unit that is to be operated by a user is indicated for an item of the predetermined unit included in the layout chart.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a first communication unit wirelessly communicating with an external apparatus via a first communication method, a second communication unit generating a network and wirelessly communicating with the external apparatus via a second communication method via the network; and a control unit controlling wireless communication with the external apparatus via the second communication unit in a selected procedure from among a plurality of procedures including at least a first procedure and a second procedure, wherein, in the first procedure, the control unit generates a network identified by identification information including a character string, and in the second procedure, generates identification information of the network without using the character string, shares the generated identification information with the external apparatus via the first communication unit, and generates a network identified by the shared identification information, to wirelessly communicate with the e

Abstract: In a method for providing a three-dimensional object, the method includes the steps of providing a representation of the three-dimensional object; determining a polygon mesh of a polyhedral resembling the object, wherein the polyhedral fits within the object; determining a surface difference between an outer surface of the object and an outer surface of the polyhedral; defining a relief layer corresponding to the polygon mesh based on said surface difference; instructing a printing assembly to provide the relief layer; and folding the relief layer in accordance with the polygon mesh to form the polyhedral resembling the three-dimensional object. Thus, using a printing assembly to print two-dimensional layers, a three-dimensional object may be provided or at least approximated.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a recording element substrate. The recording element substrate includes a discharge aperture forming member defining a discharge aperture from which a liquid is discharged and a substrate having a pressure generating element that pressurizes the liquid so as to discharge the liquid. The liquid discharge head also includes a cover member that defines an opening through which the discharge aperture is exposed. The cover member is disposed on a side of the recording element substrate on which the discharge aperture is formed. In the liquid discharge head, the recording element substrate further includes an electrode disposed on a side of the substrate on which the discharge aperture forming member is formed and an insulation member that covers the electrode. In addition, the insulation member is covered by the cover member.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently perform a reading operation for printing position adjustment with high accuracy. A printing apparatus prints, on a print medium, adjustment patterns for adjusting a printing position on the print medium and corresponding respectively to printing position adjustment items. In this printing, the printing apparatus prints the adjustment patterns while conveying the print medium in a forward direction with a conveying unit. Then, the conveying unit conveys the print medium in a backward direction until the adjustment patterns are moved beyond a reading position of a reading unit in the backward direction. Thereafter, the conveying unit conveys the print medium in the forward direction again to cause the adjustment patterns to reach the reading position. Thereafter, the reading unit reads the adjustment patterns continuously at the reading position while the conveying unit conveys the print medium in the forward direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique advantageous in suitably determining the irradiation end timing in a radiation imaging apparatus that can perform AEC. The radiation imaging apparatus comprises a sensor configured to detect radiation and a control unit, wherein the control unit generates, after the start of radiation irradiation, an evaluation value indicating the stability of a radiation irradiation intensity based on a sensor signal from the sensor, and the control unit outputs, in response to the evaluation value satisfying a predetermined condition, a signal indicating that the radiation irradiation intensity has stabilized.

Abstract: An image capture apparatus capable of reproducing or outputting moving image data at a rate corresponding to the real time even if the frame rate is changed during recording of a time code adapted to a high frame rate. A time code to be added to each frame of moving image data is generated. The time code includes a type for differentiating between frames at a high-frame rate. The time code is added to each frame of the moving image data. An image-capturing frame rate of the moving image data is changed according to a frame rate-changing request from a user. The image-capturing frame rate of the moving image data is changed at a timing at which the value of sub frame of the time code becomes zero.

Abstract: Reliability of an electric wiring substrate against a change in temperature in a liquid ejection head can be achieved. The liquid ejection head has an element substrate and an electric wiring substrate. Upon manufacturing the liquid ejection head, a second portion of the electric wiring substrate overlaps a second support surface through an adhesive so that the electric wiring substrate straddles a groove between a first support surface to which a first portion, which is one end of an electric wiring substrate, is bonded and a second support surface, and a second portion and a third portion are pressed by a pressing tool so that the third portion of the electric wiring substrate, which is a portion between the first portion and the second portion, is pushed into the groove, and the second portion is bonded to the second support surface.

Abstract: A kinematic model arithmetic portion calculates a coordinate value (ze1 (?e)) as distance information indicating the distance between a member that serves as a reference surface for the curve shape of a curvable portion and a member in the curvable portion that is closest to the reference surface. A switch determination unit determines based on the coordinate value whether to drive a wire for driving the curvable portion by a drive displacement calculated for the wire along with the coordinate value by the kinematic model arithmetic portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus sets, on an image forming unit, one of a first transfer condition that does not cause an image to be formed on a sheet and a second transfer condition that causes an image to be formed on the sheet. The apparatus generates a first reading result by reading the sheet that has passed through the image forming unit set in the first transfer condition, and generates a second reading result by reading the sheet that has passed through the image forming unit set in the second transfer condition. The apparatus detects toner fogging based on the first reading result and a reading result out of the second reading result, the reading result concerning a non-image region in which no image is formed on a surface of the sheet.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to estimate the shape of an object easily and with a high accuracy. The present invention is a generation apparatus including: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a plurality of pieces of image data obtained by capturing an object from different directions by a plurality of image capturing apparatuses arranged at different positions, respectively; a first derivation unit configured to derive reliability for each of the image capturing apparatuses based on spatial resolution in the image data; and a generation unit configured to generate three-dimensional shape data representing the shape of the object based on the image data and the reliability.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support, an undercoat layer placed on the support, a charge generation layer placed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer placed on the charge generation layer. The undercoat layer contains titanium oxide particles surface-treated with an organosilicon compound that is at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (1) to (8) and a polyamide resin. The charge generation layer contains hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a position detection apparatus that is provided with a scale and a detector and includes a processing unit configured to perform processing for setting a number of light receiving elements that are consecutive in a direction of relative movement and whose outputs are to be added for the light receiving elements so that, in a first resolution mode, a phase of a component of a fourth spatial frequency lower than a spatial frequency corresponding to a frequency offset amount is detected and, in a second resolution mode for which a resolution is lower than the first resolution mode, a phase of a component of a spatial frequency of an interference image of a second grating pattern is detected.

Abstract: The toner has a toner particle that contains a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a styrene-acrylic resin that has a structure derived from a crosslinking agent, the binder resin includes tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter in an amount of from 5 mass % to 60 mass % of the binder resin, and the crosslinking agent contains a polymeric compound provided by an addition reaction at least between a particular multifunctional (meth)acrylate compound and a particular polyvalent mercapto compound.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a developing device that has a toner and supplies the toner onto the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer comprising a binder resin (A), the binder resin (A) comprises a specific structure, the toner comprises a toner particle, the toner particle comprises a binder resin (B) and a wax, and the wax comprises a prescribed diester compound; and a process cartridge and a cartridge set.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material includes a photosensitive member; an optical scanning unit including a light source, an optical box, and a cover; and a fan. The fan is provided so that air from the fan directly impinges on the cover of the optical scanning unit. As seen in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotatable polygonal mirror, a rib extending from a top plate of the cover toward an optical box side is provided at a portion of the cover in the neighborhood of a light beam emitting port of the optical scanning unit. The cover is provided with an extended portion extended from the rib in a light beam emitting direction.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a sensor base, a sensor array that includes a plurality of sensor chips arranged in an array, and in which three or more sensor chips out of the plurality of sensor chips are arranged in one row of the sensor array, a scintillator positioned on a side opposite to the sensor base with respect to the sensor array, a bonding member that bonds the sensor array and the scintillator, and a plurality of bonding sheets that are separated from each other and bond the sensor base and the plurality of sensor chips. Two adjacent sensor chips out of the three or more sensor chips are bonded to the sensor base using separate bonding sheets out of the plurality of bonding sheets.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a motor configured to rotationally drive an image bearing roller and a developer bearing roller at a first peripheral velocity ratio and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio. A development contrast formed between a developing bias to the developer bearing roller and a light-part potential formed on the image bearing roller in a case where a development operation is performed at the second peripheral velocity ratio is larger than a development contrast formed between the developing bias to the developer bearing roller and the light-part potential formed on the image bearing roller in a case where the development operation is performed at the first peripheral velocity ratio.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of attaching a maintenance part that needs replacement accompanying use, the apparatus including: a storage unit configured to store at least one or more patterns of a prediction equation of a life of the maintenance part in a storage device; a prediction unit configured to predict a life of the maintenance part by applying one of prediction equations stored in the storage unit; and a transmission unit configured to transmit predetermined information relating to the maintenance part to a management apparatus that manages information relating to a life of the maintenance part, and the transmission unit includes identification information on a prediction equation currently being applied to a prediction of a life of the maintenance part in the predetermined information that is transmitted to the management apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which a toner image is formed by a liquid developer containing a toner particle and a carrier liquid, an intermediate transfer belt onto which the toner image is transferred, and a transfer member configured to transfer the toner image from the image bearing member onto the intermediate transfer belt. The transfer member is made of a metal, and the transfer member abuts against the image bearing member with the intermediate transfer belt nipped therebetween.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes sequence control circuitry and processing circuitry. The sequence control circuitry executes a pulse sequence for collecting MR signals in collection timings along a relaxation curve of longitudinal magnetization in synchronization with heartbeats or blood beats. The processing circuitry generate a T1 map representing a distribution of T1 values by using the collected MR signals. The pulse sequence is set so as not to collect any MR signal in at least one heartbeat or blood beat among heartbeats or blood beats included between first and second inversion pulses, and so as to collect an MR signal in a heartbeat or blood beat subsequent to the at least one heartbeat or blood beat in which no MR signal is collected.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, a conveyance unit arranged upstream of a transfer portion in a sheet conveyance direction, an upstream conveyance unit arranged upstream of the conveyance unit, a drive unit configured to drive the conveyance unit; and a controller to control the drive unit to change a conveyance speed of the conveyance unit. In a case where a trailing edge of the sheet passes through the upstream conveyance unit after a leading edge of the sheet in the sheet conveyance direction has entered the transfer portion, the conveyance unit conveys the sheet by a first speed before the trailing edge of the sheet passes through the upstream conveyance unit, and by a second speed that is faster than the first speed after the trailing edge of the sheet has passed through the upstream conveyance unit.

Abstract: A camera includes a camera controller that provides, using the data communication channel, a first communication for performing a data communication with the plurality of accessory apparatuses, and a second communication for performing a data communication individually with a specific accessory apparatus designated as a communication counterpart by the first communication, output a signal for instructing switching from the first communication to the second communication to the signal transmission channel, performs the first communication at a first communication rate commonly usable for the camera and the plurality of accessory apparatuses, and performs the second communication at a second communication rate commonly usable for the camera and the specific accessory apparatus and equal to or higher than the first communication rate.

Abstract: A sensor unit includes a first movable member including a member-to-be-detected, a sensor, and a second movable member. When a sheet is normally fed, the first movable member is in a first position, the member-to-be-detected is in a first phase, the second movable member is in a second position, and a functional/non-functional state of the member-to-be-detected is one state. When the sheet is not fed and the first movable member is in a second position, the member-to-be-detected is in the first phase, the second movable member is in a third position, and the functional/non-functional state is the other state. When the first movable member is in the first position and the second movable member is in a fourth position, by movement of the member-to-be-detected to a second phase, the functional/non-functional state is changed from the one state to the other state and an output of the sensor changes.

Abstract: A server system includes a reception unit configured to receive a print job from an information processing apparatus, a holding unit configured to hold the received print job in association with user identification information indicating a user who is logged in to the information processing apparatus, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the held print job to an image forming apparatus. In a case where the reception unit receives a notification indicating a failure to execute the transmitted print job, the transmission unit notifies the information processing apparatus, to which the user identified by the user identification information is logged in, of the failure to execute the transmitted print job.

Abstract: A medical image diagnosis apparatus according to an embodiment includes setting circuitry and image generating circuitry. The setting circuitry is configured to obtain position information with respect to a landmark of a patient in a first image generated by performing a first scan on the patient and to set a scan range to be used during a second scan by using the obtained position information, the position information being determined on a basis of the first image and expressed in an image taking system used during the first scan. The image generating circuitry is configured to generate a second image by performing the second scan on the scan range.

Abstract: To provide an inkjet printing apparatus that is capable of reducing a collision noise made by a roller and a tube during a suctioning operation, the position of the roller relative to the tube is changed between the suctioning operation and a stopped time.

Abstract: A developing device develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive drum. A bottle rotation sensor detects rotation of a toner bottle that stores toner. A bottle motor drives the toner bottle for rotation to thereby discharge toner from the toner bottle. A hopper-internal toner sensor detects presence/absence of toner stored in a hopper that stores toner discharged from the toner bottle. A replenishment unit replenishes toner stored in the hopper to the developing device. Which of failure of the bottle rotation sensor and rotation failure of the toner bottle has occurred is determined based on a detection result of the bottle rotation sensor and a detection result of the hopper-internal toner sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to reconstruct a computed tomography image using iterative reconstruction (IR) that is accelerated using various combinations of ordered subsets, conjugate gradient, preconditioning, resetting/restarting, and/or gradient approximation techniques. For example, when restarting criteria are satisfied the IR algorithm can be reset by setting conjugate-gradient parameters to initial values and/or by changing the number of ordered subsets. The IR algorithm can be accelerated by approximately calculating the gradients, by using a diagonal or Fourier preconditioner, and by selectively updating the preconditioner based on the regularization function. The update direction and step size can be calculated using the preconditioner and a surrogate function, which is not necessarily separable.

Abstract: A communication apparatus capable of communicating with a master base station and a secondary base station, after it is decided, in a case where a radio resource control (RRC) state of the apparatus is Inactive state, where the apparatus is disconnected in a physical layer and is connected in a logical layer, to cause the RRC state to transit from the Inactive state to Connected state, where the apparatus is connected in the physical layer and the logical layer, executes processing for connecting with the master base station and the secondary base station, and in a case where the processing for connecting with the master base station or the secondary base station fails, causes the RRC state to transit to Idle state, where the apparatus is connected in neither the physical layer nor the logical layer.

Abstract: A display device comprises a pixel area in which a plurality of pixels are arranged, and a dummy pixel area which is provided around the pixel area and in which a plurality of dummy pixels are arranged. Each of the pixel and the dummy pixel includes a light-emitting element including a first electrode and a second electrode, and a driving transistor. The first electrode of the light-emitting element is connected to the driving transistor in the pixel, and in the dummy pixel, the light-emitting element is not connected to the driving transistor, a first potential is supplied to the first electrode, a second potential is supplied to the second electrode, and the light-emitting element does not emit light at a potential difference between the first potential and the second potential.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a puncher, a first sensor positioned upstream of the puncher in the conveyance direction, a second sensor positioned upstream of the first detection position in the conveyance direction, a drive source configured to drive the puncher, a controller configured to control the drive source. The controller executes a control mode including a first process of controlling a rotation speed of the puncher on a basis of a detection result of the second sensor and a second process of controlling the rotation speed of the puncher on a basis of a detection result of the first sensor. In the control mode, the controller does not stop rotation of the puncher in a period between the punching process on the preceding sheet and a punching process on the succeeding sheet.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus obtains capability information of a printing apparatus, wherein the capability information is including a predetermined text and a sheet type that the printing apparatus can use in printing; displays, in a display unit, a first option that the printing apparatus carries out printing for a sheet of a selected sheet type, based on the predetermined text included in the capability information, and displays a second option that the printing apparatus carries out printing for a sheet of the sheet type included in the capability information based on the sheet type included in the capability information; generates a print job including the option set through the screen; and sends the generated print job to the printing apparatus.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus obtains a plurality of images based on image capturing performed by a plurality of image capturing apparatuses, receives an input corresponding to operation of a first device, receives an input corresponding to operation of a second device different from the first device; and generates, based on the plurality of images obtained, a first virtual viewpoint image corresponding to a first virtual viewpoint determined based on the input corresponding to the operation of the first device, wherein a second virtual viewpoint image corresponding to a second virtual viewpoint determined based on the input received by the second receiving unit is displayed within the first virtual viewpoint image.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus for selecting encryption key using policy. The information processing apparatus includes at least one processor executes instructions to input a first policy which defines a first encryption key configured to be used in communication between the information processing apparatus and plural communication apparatuses and a second policy which defines a second encryption key configured to be used in communication between the information processing apparatus and a single communication apparatus.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a photosensitive drum, a developing roller configured to develop a latent image on the photosensitive drum with toner, and a coupling member having a rotational axis, with the coupling member being operatively connected to the photosensitive drum. The coupling member includes a cylindrical portion having an outer surface and an inner surface that extends about the rotational axis of the coupling member, an arm portion extending from the inner surface of the cylindrical portion, and a projection projecting from the arm portion in a direction toward the rotational axis of the coupling member. The arm portion and the projection are movable relative to the inner surface.

Abstract: An image capture device comprising, an image capture unit, an image-capture control unit controlling PTZ, a storage unit storing setting information including a set value of the PTZ for capturing a predetermined region, and region information specifying a detection region for an object, a reception unit receiving, from an information processing device, an editing instruction to edit the region information including information designating the setting information, a determination unit determining whether or not the set value of the PTZ in first setting information matches a current set value of the PTZ, and a processing unit updating the set value of the PTZ in the first setting information with the current set value of the PTZ if the set value of the PTZ does not match the current set value of the PTZ.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus stores a plurality of candidate formulas in a memory. Each of the candidate formulas is a formula for calculating a prediction formula for calculating a predicted value of the color misregistration amount based on an external exposure device temperature, which is a temperature of the atmosphere around the exposure device, an external machine temperature, and a heater temperature of a heater which heats the plurality of image forming units. The CPU determines the prediction formula from the plurality of candidate formulas according to the external exposure device temperature, the external machine temperature, and the heater temperature. The CPU calculates the predicted value of the color misregistration amount using the determined predicted formula, and performs a color misregistration correction according to the calculated predicted value.

Abstract: A CPU of an image forming apparatus controls, according to establishment of a sleep change condition, a MAC/PHY in a network unit to change the image forming apparatus from a link-up state to a link-down state. The CPU controls the image forming apparatus to change from a normal mode to a deep sleep mode. A CPU of the network unit controls, according to the change of the image forming apparatus from the normal mode to the deep sleep mode, the MAC/PHY to change the link-down state of the image forming apparatus to the link-up state. The CPU controls the MAC/PHY to transmit a MAC address necessary for causing the image forming apparatus to participate in VLAN to a switching hub.

Abstract: A lens apparatus includes a first cam follower engaged with a cam groove and a first rectilinear groove, and configured to move forward and backward in an optical axis direction of the lens apparatus with rotation of the cam barrel, a second movable member including a second cam follower engaged with the cam groove and a second rectilinear groove, and configured to move forward and backward in the optical axis direction with rotation of the cam barrel, a contacting member provided on the first movable member, and a biasing member configured to bias the contacting member. The contacting member includes a first contacting portion that contacts the second movable member, the second movable member includes a second contacting portion that contacts the first contacting portion, and at least one of the first contacting portion and the second contacting portion inclines to the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A communication apparatus has a wireless interface for which a first IP address corresponding to a first mode of the wireless interface is assigned. A processor performs steps of receiving search information which is transmitted to a transmitting destination of a second IP address, from an external apparatus via the wireless interface, determining whether or not the second IP address corresponds to the first IP address corresponding to the first mode of the wireless interface, and transmitting interface information indicating the first mode or a second mode of the wireless interface, and apparatus information of the communication apparatus, to the external apparatus. The interface information indicating the first mode or the second mode is transmitted based on whether the second IP address corresponds to the first IP address.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photosensitive member, a developing cartridge that has a developing member, a developing frame, an end member attached to the developing frame, and a restricting portion restricting a swing movement of the end member, and an apparatus body to which the developing cartridge is attachable. The apparatus body includes a movement unit moving the developing cartridge from a first position to a second position, a positioning portion engaging with the end member when the developing cartridge is located at the second position, and a restriction releasing portion acting on the restricting portion with a movement of the developing cartridge from the first position to the second position and releasing restriction of the swing movement of the end member, the restriction releasing portion being provided at a part of the apparatus main body excluding the movement unit.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device has an isolation structure. First and second isolation portions are provided between first and second photoelectric conversion elements. The first isolation portion extends from a first plane of a semiconductor layer to a position corresponding to at least a quarter of a length from the first plane to a second plane of the semiconductor layer. The second isolation portion extends from the second plane of the semiconductor layer to a position corresponding to at least a quarter of the length from the first plane to the second plane.

Abstract: In a case where a number of pieces of image data stored in a local storage of a communication apparatus reaches a number of pieces of image data for creating a photo album, the communication apparatus creates the photo album using the image data stored in the local storage without using image data stored in an external storage.

Abstract: An image acquisition unit configured to acquire an image obtained by performing image capturing of a subject using an imaging unit, a detection method setting unit configured to set a detection method of a subject for the image, a subject detection unit configured to detect a subject based on the detection method determined by the detection method setting unit, and an exposure determination unit configured to determine exposure based on a detection result obtained from the subject detection unit are included, and the detection method setting unit can set the detection method different for each of different regions in the image, based on predetermined information used in performing image capturing for obtaining the image.

Abstract: There is provided with an image processing apparatus for performing image processing for an input image. Each of N processing modules refers to a processing result for a reference pixel different from a processing target pixel and generates a processing result for the processing target pixel. Each of the N processing modules generates a processing result for a first pixel included in the first pixel line and next generates a processing result for a second pixel. The second pixel is included in a second pixel line different from the first pixel line in the processing target region and becomes processable in accordance with the generation of the processing result for the first pixel.

Abstract: An image sensor of a photon counting type that suppresses a reduction in the efficiency of photon detection dependent on a pixel position, is disclosed. The image sensor comprising a pixel region in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a matrix, each pixel including a photoelectric conversion region and an avalanche breakdown region. In a plan view of a pixel, a size of the avalanche breakdown region is smaller than a size of the photoelectric conversion region. In addition, at least some of pixels arranged in a peripheral region of the pixel region, the avalanche breakdown region is formed such that a position thereof is shifted with respect to a position of the avalanche breakdown region in pixels arranged in a central region of the pixel region.