Abstract: Comprising a positive first lens group G1 disposed at a most object side, a negative intermediate group G2 disposed at an image side of the first lens group G1, a positive focusing group G3 disposed at an image side of the intermediate group G2, the focusing group G3 being moved upon focusing, and a positive image side group G4 disposed at an image side of the focusing group G3; upon varying magnification, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the intermediate group G2, a distance between the intermediate group G2 and the focusing group G3 and a distance between the focusing group G3 and the image side group G4 being varied; and a predetermined conditional expression being satisfied. Whereby a variable magnification optical system having excellent optical performance and a focusing lens group reduced in weight in order to attain high speed focusing operation, and others are provided.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus includes an illumination optical system that emits activating light and exciting light, an image capturing unit that captures an image formed by an imaging optical system, an image processing unit that carries out image processing using an image capturing result from the image capturing unit, and a controller. The controller provides a plurality of image generation periods and interrupt periods; causes, in the image generation periods, the activated fluorescent material to be irradiated with the exciting light and causes the image capturing unit to capture an image of the fluorescent light from the activated fluorescent material in a plurality of frame periods; and sets an intensity of the exciting light in the interrupt periods to be lower than an intensity in the image generation periods or causes the emission of the exciting light to stop in the interrupt periods.

Abstract: In an exposure apparatus, on a substrate holder (34), a plurality of grating areas (RG) is arranged mutually apart in the X-axis direction, and a plurality of heads (66a to 66d) that irradiates a measurement beam with respect to the grating area and can move in the Y-axis direction is arranged outside of the substrate holder. A control system controls movement of the substrate holder in at least directions of three degrees of freedom within an XY plane, based on measurement information of at least three heads of the plurality of heads facing the grating area and measurement information of a measurement device that measures position information of the plurality of heads. The measurement beam of each of the plurality of heads, during the movement of substrate holder in the X-axis direction, moves off of one of the plurality of grating areas and switches to another adjacent grating area.

Abstract: Provided is a convenient display device including: a display unit capable of projecting a projection image on a domain in accordance with a position of a user; and a judgment unit that judges whether the projection image can be projected on the domain.

Abstract: An image-capturing unit includes: an image-capturing chip; a power supply circuit unit that outputs electrical power to be fed to the image-capturing chip; a power supply line that feeds electrical power from the power supply circuit unit to the image-capturing chip; a disconnecting unit that is provided to the power supply line and is electrically disconnecting the power supply circuit unit and the image-capturing chip when a leakage current of the image-capturing chip is measured; and an implementation substrate on which the power supply circuit unit, the image-capturing chip, the power supply line and the disconnecting unit are implemented.

Abstract: A distance detector 10 includes a light projecting unit 100 which projects light toward a target body, a light receiving unit 200 which receives a reflected light from the target body, a time detection unit 310 which detects a light receiving time from the projecting of measuring light by the light projecting unit 100 to the receiving of the reflected light by the light receiving unit 200, a calculation unit 320 which calculates the distance to the target body based on a detection result of the light receiving time by the time detection unit 310, and an evaluation unit 340 which evaluates the reliability of a calculation result of the distance to the target body by the calculation unit 320 based on a deviation of the distance corresponding to the calculation result from a reference value regarding the distance to the target body.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate bonding apparatus comprising: a first holding unit for holding a first substrate; and a second holding unit for holding a second substrate, wherein the substrate bonding apparatus is configured to bond the first substrate and the second substrate by, after forming a contact region between a part of the first substrate and a part of the second substrate, expanding the contact region to form an initially bonded region and releasing the second substrate having the initially bonded region formed thereon from the second holding unit.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first voltage source that supplies a first voltage and a plurality of pixels supplied with the first voltage. The pixel includes a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light, an accumulation unit to which an electric charge resulting from photoelectric conversion by the photoelectric conversion unit is transferred and accumulated, a transfer unit that transfers the electric charge from the photoelectric conversion unit to the accumulation unit; a second voltage source that supplies a second voltage, and a supply unit that supplies the transfer unit with a transfer signal based on either the first voltage supplied by the first voltage source or the second voltage supplied by the second voltage source.

Abstract: A program causes a processor to execute: acquisition processing through which information related to a position is obtained; first transmission processing through which a signal that causes an external device in a first state to shift into a second state is transmitted; and second transmission processing through which, after the first transmission processing, the information obtained through the acquisition processing is transmitted to the external device.

Abstract: A lens barrel of the invention includes: an imaging optical system including a focus adjustment lens; a driver that drives the focus adjustment lens in a direction of an optical axis; a transceiver that transmits and receives a signal to and from a camera body; and a controller that controls the transceiver to repeatedly transmit a first image plane transfer coefficient which is determined in correspondence with a position of the focus adjustment lens included in the imaging optical system and a second image plane transfer coefficient which does not depend on the position of the focus adjustment lens to the camera body at a predetermined interval, and, when the controller repeatedly transmits the second image plane transfer coefficient to the camera body, the controller varies the second image plane transfer coefficient over time.

Abstract: Comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, a fourth lens group having positive refractive power, and a fifth lens group having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification, the first lens group being fixed with respect to the image plane, and each distance between the neighboring lens groups being varied; upon focusing, at least a portion of the fourth lens group being moved; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby variations in various aberrations upon varying magnification being superbly suppressed.

Abstract: When the amplification ratio is low and strong incident light causes a large charge, the signal retrieved from regions where the incident light is weak is also weak, but when the amplification ratio is high in regions where the incident light is weak, the signal retrieved from regions where the incident light is strong becomes saturated. Therefore, the dynamic range of the imaging unit is narrow. Provided is an imaging unit comprising an imaging section that includes a first group having one or more pixels and a second group having one or more pixels different from those of the first group; and a control section that, while a single charge accumulation is performed in the first group, causes pixel signals to be output by performing charge accumulation in the second group a number of times differing from a number of times charge accumulation is performed in the first group.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having negative refractive power, a first intermediate lens group having positive refractive power, a second intermediate lens group having negative refractive power and a rear lens group; upon varying a magnification from a wide angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and the first intermediate lens group being varied, a distance between the first intermediate lens group and the second intermediate lens group being varied, and a distance between the second intermediate lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising at least one focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object and at least one lens component at an image side of the most image side focusing lens group in the focusing lens groups; and predetermined conditional expressions being satisfied, thereby t

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from an object, a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, a third lens group having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power. Zooming is performed by changing respective distances between the first and second lens groups, the second and third lens groups, and the third and fourth lens groups. The first lens group consists of, in order from an object, a negative lens, a negative lens and a positive lens, the second lens group consists of five lenses, and the third lens group consists of a bi-concave negative lens.

Abstract: An image display device includes: an input unit that inputs image data constituted with pixel data, each set of the pixel data being generated based upon a plurality of image signals output from a plurality of image-capturing pixels arrayed in correspondence to a plurality of photographic micro-lenses distinct from one another; a generation unit that generates display image data containing three-dimensional information based upon the image data; a display unit constituted with a plurality of display pixels disposed in a two-dimensional pattern, which emits light fluxes from the plurality of display pixels in correspondence to the display image data; and a micro-lens array that includes a plurality of micro-lenses, via which a three-dimensional image is formed by combining the light fluxes emitted from the plurality of display pixels, disposed in a two-dimensional array pattern.

Abstract: A video compression apparatus for compressing video data as a series of frames outputted from an imaging element that has a plurality of imaging regions for imaging a subject and for which imaging conditions can be set for the respective imaging regions, includes: a setting unit configured to set, based on a plurality of imaging conditions, a search region within a reference frame used for a processing to detect, based on a compression target region, a specific region in the reference frame; and a generation unit configured to generate, based on the processing using the search region set by the setting unit, the specific region to thereby generate a motion vector.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: an input unit that inputs data for imaging conditions for each of a plurality of imaging regions included in an image capturing unit, different imaging conditions being set for each of the imaging regions; and a recording control unit that correlates the data for imaging conditions inputted from the input unit with the imaging regions and records correlated data in a recording unit.

Abstract: A sample preparation method includes: irradiating a first region of a sample with light at a time t1; irradiating a second region different from the first region with the light at a time t2 after the time t1; and fixing the sample at a time t3 after the time t2. A sample preparing apparatus includes: a light radiating unit that irradiates a first region of a sample with light at time t1 and irradiates a second region different from the first region with the light at a time t2 after the time t1; and a fixing unit that fixes the sample at a time t3 after the time t2.

Abstract: A pattern forming apparatus comprising: a rotary drum that includes a cylindrical outer circumferential surface which is curved at a predetermined radius from a predetermined center line, that rotates about the center line in a state in which a part of a sheet substrate is supported in a length direction of the sheet substrate along the outer circumferential surface; a pattern forming part that forms the pattern on the sheet substrate at a first specific position; a scale disk that is fixed to an end portion of the rotary drum in a direction in which the center line extends while being coaxial with the center line and that includes a circular scale; and a first reading mechanism that is arranged to oppose with the scale formed at the outer circumferential surface of the scale disk, that is arranged at substantially same azimuth as an azimuth.

Abstract: A method for moving a stage includes coupling a stage mover to the stage, and directing current to the stage mover with a control system. The stage mover includes a magnet array and a conductor array positioned adjacent to the magnet array. The conductor array includes a first layer of coils and a second layer of coils, with the first layer of coils being closer to the magnet array than the second layer of coils. The control system directs current to the first layer of coils and the second layer of coils independently. Further, the control system directs more current to the first layer of coils than the second layer of coils during a movement step to reduce the power consumption.

Abstract: An image sensor, includes: a first pixel and a second pixel, in a first direction, each including a first photoelectric conversion unit and a light-shielding unit and outputting a signal; a third pixel and a fourth pixel, in the first direction, each including a second photoelectric conversion unit and outputting a signal; a first signal line and a second signal line, in the first direction, each of which can be connected to the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel and the fourth pixel; and a control unit that performs a first control in which a signal of the first pixel is output to the first signal line and a signal of the second pixel is output to the second signal line, and a second control in which a signal of the third pixel and a signal of the fourth pixel are output to the first signal line.

Abstract: A charged particle beam optical apparatus has a plurality of irradiation optical systems each of which irradiates an object with a charged particle beam and a first control apparatus configured to control a second irradiation optical system on the basis of an operation state of a first irradiation optical system.

Abstract: A processing apparatus and a build apparatus including an energy beam irradiation part that irradiates a surface of an object with an energy beam to form a melt pool on the surface and a material supply part that supplies build materials to the melt pool; and a change apparatus that changes a positional relationship between the object and the melt pool, wherein the processing apparatus changes a size of a build object, which is built along a first direction by supplying the build materials to the melt pool while changing a positional relationship in the first direction between the object and the melt pool, in a second direction, which intersects with the first direction, on the basis of a position of the build object in the first direction.

Abstract: A camera accessory that is attachable to and detachable from a camera body, includes: a correction optical system that is movable in a direction intersecting an optical axis thereof; and a first communication unit that transmits to the camera body a first information regarding a position of the correction optical system and a second information regarding a vibration of the camera accessory.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a mobile communication device, where the mobile communication device is connected to a driving unit of the vehicle and controls a traveling speed of the vehicle, which is traveling toward an intersection, in order to avoid a collision of the vehicle at the intersection by receiving analysis result information, which is based on image information from an imaging apparatus provided near the intersection, from an information control device.

Abstract: A method for bonding a first substrate and a second substrate includes: forming a protrusion at a partial region of the first substrate; measuring a position of the first substrate after the protrusion is formed in the first substrate; and bonding the first substrate and the second substrate by contacting the protrusion of the first substrate with a surface of the second substrate to form a contact region and enlarging the contact region.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a transistor being a bottom-gate transistor is provided. The method for manufacturing a transistor includes a step of forming a first metal layer 32 on an insulator layer 20 provided on a substrate 10 including a gate electrode, a step of applying a resist onto the first metal layer 32, and patterning the first metal layer 32 by a photolithographic method, an oxide film removal step of removing an oxide film 26 formed on the patterned first metal layer 32, and a step of forming a source electrode and a drain electrode by forming a second metal layer 42 on the first metal layer 32.

Abstract: An image processing device includes an image processing unit that performs image processing on an observed image in which a cell is imaged and an image processing method selector that is configured to determine an observed image processing method for analyzing the imaged cell on the basis of information of a processed image obtained through image processing of the image processing unit.

Abstract: A measurement system to be used in a manufacturing line for micro-devices is provided independently from an exposure apparatus. The measurement system has measurement devices that each performs measurement processing on substrates (e.g., substrates that have gone through at least one processing but before being coated with a sensitive agent), and a carrying system for performing delivery of substrates to/from the measurement devices. The measurement devices include a first measurement device that acquires position information on a plurality of marks formed on a substrate under a setting of a first condition, and a second measurement device that acquires position information on a plurality of marks formed on another substrate (e.g., another substrate included in the same lot as the substrate on which acquiring position information is performed under the setting of the first condition in the first measurement device) under a setting of a first condition.

Abstract: Correction information is acquired for compensating for a measurement error of a second encoder system that occurs due to a displacement between four sections of a scale member of the second encoder system, based on measurement information of the second encoder system obtained in a fifth area in which four heads of the second encoder system that are provided on a second stage, which holds a substrate, respectively face the four sections of the scale member.

Abstract: A zoom lens, comprises: in order from an object, a first lens group (G1) having positive refractive power; a second lens group (G2) having negative refractive power; a third lens group (G3) having positive refractive power; a fourth lens group (G4) having negative refractive power; and a fifth lens group (G5) having positive refractive power, wherein, upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between each of lens groups and a lens group adjacent thereto changes to satisfy the following conditional expression: 2.90<|MV5/MV2|<11.50 where, MV5 denotes, upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a moving amount of the fifth lens group with an image surface as a reference; and MV2 denotes, upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, a moving amount of the second lens group with the image surface as the reference.

Abstract: There is provided a user-friendly electronic device including: touch sensors provided on a first surface and at least a second surface other than the first surface; a processor that displays application information based on a way of holding the electronic device by a user, the processor detecting the way of holding the electronic device using a result of detection of the touch sensors; and an assignment unit that assigns a function corresponding to an application to be run to the touch sensors.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: an input unit, first image data being a portion of an image with first and second photographic subjects being imaged being inputted therein, the second subject to be displayed after the first, and the first subject again to be displayed by repeating control to shift a portion of the image displayed upon the display unit in a first direction and to display a portion not displayed; and an image generation unit generating, from the first image data, second image data including the first and second subjects, and the second subject is arranged towards the first direction from the first subject, if a first distance by which the image displayed shifts from the first subject being displayed until the second subject is displayed is longer than a second distance by which the image displayed shifts from the second subject until the first subject is displayed.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, a third lens group G3 having negative refractive power and a rear group comprising at least one lens group and having positive refractive power as a whole; upon varying magnification, air intervals between the neighboring lens groups being varied; and said first lens group G1 consisting of lens component(s) having negative refractive power, thereby a variable magnification optical system having excellent optical performance, an optical apparatus and a method for manufacturing the variable magnification optical system, being provided.

Abstract: A detection device including: a detector that detects an object from one viewpoint; a reliability calculator that calculates reliability information on the object at the one viewpoint by using a detection result of the detector; and an information calculator that calculates shape information on the object at the one viewpoint by using the detection result of the detector and the reliability information and calculates texture information on the object at the one viewpoint by using the detection result, the information calculator generates model information on the object at the one viewpoint based on the shape information and the texture information.

Abstract: A processing apparatus has: a light irradiation apparatus that irradiates a surface of an object with a plurality of processing lights; and a first change apparatus that changes a relative positional relationship between light concentration positions of the plurality of processing lights in a direction that intersects with the surface of the object, the processing apparatus changes a thickness of a part of the object by irradiating the surface of the object with the plurality of processing lights.

Abstract: A camera accessory that is attachable to and detachable from a camera body, includes: a correction optical system that is movable in a direction intersecting an optical axis thereof; a vibration detection unit that detects a vibration of the camera accessory and outputs a detected signal; a calculation unit that calculates a moving amount of the correction optical system based on the detected signal; and a first communication unit that transmits to the camera body an accessory side information for calculating the moving amount with the calculation unit.

Abstract: An imaging device, includes: an imaging unit in which are disposed a plurality of pixels, each including a filter that is capable of changing a wavelength of light passing therethrough to a first wavelength and to a second wavelength and a light reception unit that receives light that has passed through the filter, and that captures an image via an optical system; an analysis unit that analyzes the image captured by the imaging unit; and a control unit that controls the wavelength of the light to be transmitted, by the filter based upon a result of analysis by the analysis unit.

Abstract: An interchangeable lens is removably attached to a camera body including a body-side mount, body-side terminal group above an upper side of an image sensor and a first to fourth body-side claws. The second body-side claw extends in circumferential direction with a center angle and is located outside the body-side terminal group. The interchangeable lens includes the lens-side mount, lens-side terminal group, a first to fourth lens-side claws engaged with the first to fourth body-side claws in proper attachment of the interchangeable lens. The four body-side claws are disposed in four regions divided by first and second body-side lines in relation to the arc-shaped body-side terminal group. The interchangeable lens is inserted to the camera body and rotated by a first angle for attaching and the terminals of the camera body and the interchangeable lens are connected. The center angle of the second body-side claw is smaller than the first.

Abstract: An image-capturing device allowing skew reduction, and an image-capturing system allowing skew reduction are provided. An image-capturing device is provided, including a plurality of photoelectric converting units; and a plurality of light-receiving units that are arranged corresponding to a plurality of blocks each constituted by one or more photoelectric converting units, and receive drive light instructing driving of the photoelectric converting units to output a drive signal to a corresponding photoelectric converting unit among the photoelectric converting units. In addition, an image-capturing system is provided, including the image-capturing device; and a light-emitting unit that is spaced apart from the plurality of light-receiving units, and emits the drive light to the plurality of light-receiving units.

Abstract: An ocular lens includes from an object side: a first lens group having negative refracting power, and a second lens group having positive refracting power. An object-side focal plane of the second lens group is positioned between the first lens group and the second lens group. The first lens group includes, from the object side: a meniscus first A lens component whose convex surface is directed toward the object side, and a first B lens component having negative refracting power. The second lens group includes, in a position closest to the object side, a meniscus second A lens component whose concave surface is directed toward the object side, and satisfies conditional expressions.

Abstract: An interchangeable lens is removably attached to a camera body including a body-side mount, an image sensor, a plurality of body-side claws disposed outside of the image sensor and a plurality of elastic members respectively disposed on image sides of the body-side claws. The interchangeable lens includes the lens-side mount, first and third lens-side claws engaged with the plurality of body-side claws upon attachment to the camera body. The first and third lens-side claws project from the cylindrical portion in the outer periphery direction of the lens-side mount and extend in the circumferential direction around the optical axis. The first and third lens-side claws are in contact with the two elastic members opposite to each other across an optical axis in once upon attachment to the camera body.

Abstract: To determine the state of a subject person with a simple structure, an image determining device includes: an imaging unit that captures an image from a first direction, the image including the subject person; a first detector that detects size information from the image, the size information being about the subject person in the first direction; a second detector that detects position-related information, the position-related information being different from the information detected by the first detector; and a determining unit that determines the state of the subject person, based on a result of the detection performed by the first detector and a result of the detection performed by the second detector.

Abstract: A catoptric system having a reference axis and including a reflective pattern-source (carrying a substantially one-dimensional pattern) and a combination of only three optical components disposed sequentially to transfer EUV radiation incident the first optical component onto the pattern-source. The combination is disposed in a fixed spatial and optical relationship with respect to the pattern-source, and represents an illumination unit (IU) of a 1D EUV exposure tool that additionally includes a projection optic sub-system configured to form an optical image of the pattern-source on an image plane with the use of only two beams of radiation. These only two beams of radiation originate at the pattern-source from the EUV radiation transferred onto the pattern-source.

Abstract: An interchangeable lens that is removably attachable to a camera body includes: a moving member that is movable within the interchangeable lens; a first communication unit that performs first communication with the camera body; and a second communication unit that performs second communication in which data is periodically transmitted to the camera body; wherein: the data transmitted in the second communication includes first information indicating a position of the moving member and second information that can be used for calculation of a movement amount of the moving member.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device including a vision field testing section including a target presentation section and a vision field test optical system and configured to perform a vision field test on an examination eye, a measuring section including a measurement optical system to perform optical coherence tomography measurements on the examination eye, and a measurement unit configured to generate a tomographic image of the examination eye, an optical path combining section provided between the examination eye and the target presentation section and configured to combine a first optical path of the vision field test optical system and a second optical path of the measurement optical system, a first lens provided between the optical path combining section and the target presentation section and configured to perform diopter adjustment, a second lens provided between the optical path combining section and a position of the examination eye or the measurement unit, and employed in focus adjustment, a first driving section

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: A control apparatus that access first cameras capturing a first subject of a first area, and second cameras capturing a second subject of a second area, detects a viewing direction of a spectator group in the first subject on the basis of image data of the first subject captured by any one of first cameras, identifies a focus area in the second area that is focused on by the spectator group on the basis of the viewing direction of the spectator group, identifies a focus subject, focused on by the spectator group, that is present in the focus area on the basis of image data of the second subject captured by each of the second cameras, determines a specific second camera to be a transmission source of image data from among the second cameras on the basis of the focus subject, and transmits image data from the specific second camera.

Abstract: A processing apparatus has: a light irradiation apparatus that irradiates a surface of an object with a processing light; and a measurement apparatus that measures a position of an irradiation area, which is formed on the surface of the object by the light irradiation apparatus, relative to the object.