Abstract: An optical device includes a light source unit and a body unit. The light source unit includes a first light source configured to emit first irradiation light, a second light source configured to emit second irradiation light, a light source control unit, and a light collecting unit. The body unit includes an insertion section. The insertion section includes a light guide member, an optical system, an optical filter, a first imager configured to output image information of a subject, and a second imager configured to output distance information from the optical system to the subject. In the second irradiation light, light intensity is temporally modulated, and the first irradiation light and the second irradiation light are emanated from the insertion section.

Abstract: A method for displaying cell count information includes steps for: obtaining a cell image; obtaining a first cell count output by applying the cell image to a first counting model; obtaining a second cell count output by applying the cell image to a second counting model; and displaying, on the basis of the first and second cell counts, a screen on which at least either of the first and second cell counts and a correlation between the first and second cell counts are visualized. The first counting model is different from the second counting model.

Abstract: An endoscope including: an elongated shaft and an optical system disposed in the shaft. The optical system includes at least one prism. The prism is mounted in a prism holder. The prism holder having first and second stops for aligning the prism in at least first and second directions, respectively. Wherein the first stop forms a planar stop surface against which a first planar surface of the prism rests, and the second stop forms a linear stop contour against which a second planar surface of the prism rests.

Abstract: In a wireless communication terminal, a processor is configured to execute sleep determination when a wireless communicator receives a sleep-declaration packet from a sleep-declaration terminal. The processor is configured to determine that sleep by the sleep-declaration terminal is accepted if an upper-rank terminal in a wake-up state other than the sleep-declaration terminal is present. The processor is configured to determine that the sleep by the sleep-declaration terminal is not accepted in the first sleep determination if the upper-rank terminal in the wake-up state other than the sleep-declaration terminal is not present. The processor is configured to cause the wireless communicator to transmit a sleep-prohibition packet to the sleep-declaration terminal when the processor determines that the sleep by the sleep-declaration terminal is not accepted.

Abstract: An acquisition method includes: acquiring a first image without a flicker band; acquiring a second image with the flicker band; generating a third image of an extracted flicker band based; determining a division method of dividing the third image; dividing the third image into a plurality of areas based on the division method; calculating brightness of each area of the third image; acquiring at least one of a brightest value of the brightness and a darkest value of the brightness; acquiring peak timing of the flicker; calculating the number of frames captured by an image sensor to detect the peak timing; causing the image sensor to continuously capture images to generate a plurality of pieces of image data; acquiring the first image from the plurality of pieces of image data; and acquiring the second image from the plurality of pieces of image data.

Abstract: A learning model preparation method includes: acquiring a non-specific binding specimen image representing a non-specific binding specimen that allows a reagent to act on a tissue containing the endogenous protein, the reagent developing a color in a non-specific binding region in which an endogenous protein exists; and preparing a first learning model by setting the non-specific binding specimen image to first learning data, and by allowing a learning device to learn the non-specific binding region, based on the first learning data.

Abstract: A system for non-destructively inspecting tubes is provided. The system may include a tank filled with a fluid, e.g., water. The tank may define an axial passage within it for tube insertion, and the tank may include an opening to the axial passage. A transducer probe may be disposed inside the tank and oriented toward the opening to the axial passage. The system may also include a movable seal including a chamber, configured to move axially in the axial passage, and a membrane positioned in the opening of the tank. During inspection, an acoustic pathway may be provided between the transducer probe and the tube, the pathway including fluid in the tank, the membrane, and fluid in the chamber.

Abstract: An imaging condition set in a first region of a three-dimensional model of a subject and an imaging condition set in a second region of the three-dimensional model are different from each other. A processor of an observation device determines whether or not the imaging condition that has been set in the first region or the second region including a position on the three-dimensional model is satisfied. The position is identified on the basis of a position of an imaging device and a posture of the imaging device. The processor displays observation information on a display on the basis of a result of determination. The observation information represents whether or not the first region or the second region including the position on the three-dimensional model has been observed.

Abstract: A distal-end cover is attached to a distal frame portion of an insertion portion of an endoscope main body, along a longitudinal axis of the insertion portion. The distal-end cover includes a cover main body attached to the distal frame portion and a wall provided on the cover main body. The wall is provided between a tube and a raising portion closer to the distal-end side along the longitudinal axis than a first opening edge portion of the distal frame portion when the cover main body is attached to an outside of the distal frame portion along the longitudinal axis of the insertion portion. The wall is deformed by the tube and an elongated member when the cover main body is removed from the outside of the distal frame portion.

Abstract: In a light source apparatus for endoscope, when a light-emission amount of a second light source is less than or equal to a predetermined light-emission amount, a light source control circuit performs a first light-emission amount control of changing the light-emission amounts of the first to third light sources so as to allow a color balance to be maintained at a predetermined color balance. When the light-emission amount of the second light source is greater than the predetermined light-emission amount, the light source control circuit performs a second light-emission amount control of changing the light-emission amount of the third light source by a method different from the first light-emission amount control while changing the light-emission amounts of the first and second light sources by the same method as the first light-emission amount control so as to allow the color balance to be different from the predetermined color balance.

Abstract: An endoscope system according to the present invention includes: a first illuminating portion that emits first illumination lights having low-spatial-frequency and high-spatial-frequency and changes the intensity distribution of the first illumination lights over time; a second illuminating portion that emits a second illumination light; an imaging unit that images first and second illumination images of an subject respectively illuminated by the first and second illumination lights; and an image-processing portion that processes the first and second illumination images. The imaging unit images four images including images that correspond to the first illumination lights having low-spatial-frequency and high-spatial-frequency and images in which light and dark portions of the first illumination lights are exchanged with each other.

Abstract: A tissue traction device includes a first needle connected to a distal end of a first thread; a second needle connected to a distal end of a second thread; an elongated main body connected to the first thread and extending between the first thread and the second thread, the main body being elastically deformable; a tube disposed at a proximal end of the main body; and a traction member having a distal end connected to a distal end portion of the main body, the traction member extending from the distal end portion of the main body toward a distal end of the tube.

Abstract: An image display method includes a determination step, a generation step, and a display step. A processor refers to a reference model indicating a figure expanding two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally in a three-dimensional space including two or more points and determines whether or not a positional relationship between each of the two or more points and the reference model meets a condition that is set in advance in the determination step. The processor generates an image and differentiates a display state of a pixel corresponding to a first point from a display state of a pixel corresponding to a second point in the generation step. The first point meets the condition, and the second point does not meet the condition. The processor displays the image on a display in the display step.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes a power supply unit which, when operating, supplies a direct voltage circuit, and a high-voltage inverter supplied from it that generates a high-frequency alternating voltage that is applied to outputs for connection of the electrosurgical instrument. The inverter includes a clock-driven power switch and a zero-crossing detector that recognizes zero crossings of the oscillation generated by the inverter. A signal for the generated alternating voltage is applied to the zero-crossing detector via a voltage divider which is a capacitive voltage divider with at least one capacitor that is resistant to high voltage. Undesirable direct voltage components at the center tap in the presence of changes to the supply voltage can be avoided thereby, since charge reversals as a result of changes to the supply voltage occur on both sides, and their effects thus cancel out.

Abstract: A management system for managing setting information of an observation system includes: one or more non-transitory computer-readable media that include an instruction; and one or more processors that execute the instruction. The instruction is configured to cause the one or more processors to perform an operation. The operation includes detecting a use status of a setting indicated by the setting information, and updating, in accordance with the detected use status, evaluation information indicating an evaluation pertaining to the setting, the evaluation information being managed so as to be associated with the setting information.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system with an electrosurgical instrument, an evacuation device and an electrosurgical generator, to which the electrosurgical instrument and the evacuation device are connected, wherein the electrosurgical generator has a processor and at least one memory and is configured to convert entries in the memory into control instructions for operating the evacuation device and, during operation, to carry out control interventions corresponding to the control instructions for controlling the evacuation device, wherein the entries in the memory defining the control instructions for operating the evacuation device are specific to a respective electrosurgical instrument and/or a respective operating mode.

Abstract: A tissue traction device includes a first needle connected to a distal end of a first thread; a second needle connected to a distal end of a second thread; an elongated main body connected to the first thread and extending between the first thread and the second thread, the main body including a first hole; and a tube disposed at a proximal end of the main body, wherein the second thread is inserted through the first hole to be advanceable and retractable at a position between the second needle and a distal end of the tube, and the tube and the second thread are configured to be relatively movable in a longitudinal direction of the tube.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument with at least one active electrode for effecting an electrosurgical treatment with an instrument data memory. Furthermore, the electrosurgical instrument has a connector for a connecting cable or a connected connecting cable including supply lines for supplying the active electrode with a high-frequency alternating current required for an electrosurgical treatment. The instrument data memory has at least one read-write area to which usage and status data can be written by an electrosurgical generator.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus disposed in an endoscope includes an optical unit in which a plurality of optical members are stacked, an image pickup unit including an image pickup device and a plurality of semiconductor devices, mold resin covering the optical unit and the image pickup unit, and a wiring board bonded to the image pickup unit, in which a recess is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the mold resin.

Abstract: In a measurement device, an image acquisition unit acquires a first image generated by imaging an object to be measured in a first imaging state and acquires one or more second images generated by imaging the object in one or more second imaging states. A specified point setting unit sets a specified point on the first image. A three-dimensional (3D) shape restoration unit restores a 3D shape of the object by using a plurality of images including the second image determined to include a point corresponding to the specified point. A reference dimension setting unit sets a reference dimension on the first image or the 3D shape. A measurement unit measures the object on the basis of the 3D shape, the specified point, and the reference dimension.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion; a first projecting portion; a second projecting portion; an illumination window disposed on an outer peripheral surface side of the first projecting portion, the illumination window being disposed about an axis along a longitudinal axis direction of the insertion portion, the illumination window having a light emitting surface from which an illumination light for illuminating an inside of a subject is emitted in a direction which includes a sideward direction of the insertion portion; and a mask configured to restrict sideward emission of the illumination light from the illumination window, wherein the mask has a shape inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis direction so as to increase a quantity of the illumination light emitted toward the second projecting portion from a distal end side toward a proximal end side of a distal end portion of the insertion portion.

Abstract: An optical system for use with a stereo video endoscope with a fixed, lateral viewing direction, including: laterally-viewing distal and proximal optical assemblies, similarly configured left and right lens system channels; the distal optical assembly couples incident light from an object space into the left and right lens system channels; the distal optical assembly includes an entrance lens, a deflection prism group and an exit lens in a direction of incident light; the deflection prism group includes first and second prisms in the direction of incident light; the first prism includes first entrance and first exit sides at an angle relative thereto; the second prism includes a second entrance side, a reflection side and a second exit side; and the first entrance side of the first prism and the reflection side of the second prism enclose an angle that is greater than a total reflection angle of the second prism.

Abstract: In a fee-setting system, an assessment unit assesses the degree of appropriateness in a medical facility regarding the use of a device relating to medical treatment used in the medical facility based on the degree of deviation and information regarding the medical facility, in which the degree of deviation that is obtained by comparing information indicating the usage status of the device that has been detected by a detection unit for detecting the usage status of the device with reference information regarding the method of using the device. A calculation unit calculates a fee to be charged to the medical facility based on the degree of appropriateness.

Abstract: A fluid supply instrument for a treatment instrument that is mounted on a grasping section of the treatment instrument capable of grasping a living tissue includes a port configured to receive a fluid, and a cover continuous to the port and configured to be covering a back surface on an opposite side of a grasping surface of the grasping section that is capable of grasping a living tissue. The cover forms a fluid channel continuous from the port in cooperation with the grasping section, and allows the fluid received from the port to flow out from between a cover edge adjacent to the grasping surface and an edge portion of the grasping surface.

Abstract: A flexible tube insertion device includes a flexible tube section, at least one variable stiffness unit, at least one state detector, and a stiffness controller. The flexible tube section is segmented along an axial direction into segments and configured to be inserted into an insertion target. The variable stiffness unit is configured to vary bending stiffness of the flexible tube section in units at least one segment. The state detector is configured to detect information relating to shape information of the flexible tube section. The stiffness controller is configured to cause the variable stiffness unit to reduce bending stiffness of a portion of the flexible tube section including a place where the flexible tube section is easy to bend in units of at least one segment based on the shape information.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion unit configured to be inserted into a subject, and allow a treatment tool to protrude from a distal end thereof. The insertion unit includes: a rigid member having a treatment tool insertion hole; a raising base that adjusts, by turning, a protruding direction of the treatment tool; a first guide groove that is formed on an outer surface of the raising base and holds the treatment tool; and a second guide groove that is formed on at least a part of an inner surface of the treatment tool insertion hole and includes an opening having a width smaller than a diameter of the treatment tool insertion hole. The first guide groove and the second guide groove have the treatment tool interposed therebetween in all of set states of the raising base.

Abstract: A processor of an electric power source device exercises control over a power output before a control switching time point based on a value related to initial impedance, and determines the control switching time point upon detecting that a value related to impedance of a living tissue is at a minimum. The processor sets a set electric-power value of the power output based on a parameter related to controlling the power output before the control switching time point, and performs constant-electric-power control by controlling the power output using the electric-power value at and after the control switching time point.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes: an illuminator configured to generate illumination light having wavelength bands and an illumination characteristic; an imager configured to generate an image signal by capturing light from a subject; and a processor configured to: control the illumination characteristic; set a piece of statistical data used for estimating a spectral characteristic of the subject included in the image signal; estimate the spectral characteristic of the subject included in the image signal based on the set piece of statistical data; define an illumination characteristic of illumination light in accordance with the estimated spectral characteristic of the subject; and determine whether or not the set piece of statistical data is an adequate piece of statistical data based on whether or not an image signal generated by the imager under the illumination light having the defined illumination characteristic satisfies a criterion for achromatic color.

Abstract: An osteotomy surgical apparatus according to the present invention includes a bone cutting blade used for cutting bone tissue and a guard disposed so as to overlap the bone cutting blade in a side view of the bone cutting blade. A distal end of the guard is disposed at a position retracted rearward relative to a blade edge of the bone cutting blade.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to a fixing unit of a light guide member. The fixing unit is attaching the light guide member to a protective member that protects outer circumference of the light guide member that guides primary light and a holding member. The fixing unit comprises a defining member forming a spatial region in which the protective member and the holding member are encapsulated separately from one another in a longitudinal axis direction of the fixing unit. An adhesive that is applied in the spatial region to bond at least part of the protective member and at least part of the holding member to the defining member. The defining member includes a specific region that defines a bonding range of the adhesive in the spatial region in at least one of a longitudinal axis direction and a radial direction of the defining member.

Abstract: A method for evaluating an adherent cell includes: obtaining an image of an adherent cell accommodated within a culture container; and determining whether the adherent cell is adhering to the culture container based on at least a profile shape of a contact portion of the adherent cell that is in contact with the culture container, the profile shape being specified from the image.

Abstract: An overtube including: a connector body defining a lumen through which an insertion section of an endoscope is insertable along a longitudinal axis extending through a distal opening and a proximal opening of the lumen; and a connecting mechanism including: a connector movably attached to the connector body, wherein the connector is configured to define a stable equilibrium first position radially away from the longitudinal axis, and to be moved by a radial force from the stable equilibrium first position to a second position radially closer to the longitudinal axis than the first position, and wherein, in the second position, the connector is configured to engage the insertion section to limit relative movement of the connector body and the insertion section along the longitudinal axis while allowing the connector body to be rotated by a drive force relative to the insertion section along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: In a method of forming an access route to the bile duct, a needle is introduced into a duodenum, and the introduced needle is pierced into an oral side projection of a duodenal papilla, which is located at an oral position than an opening of the duodenal papilla. The tip of the pierced needle is made to reach the inside of the bile duct to form a tunnel communicating the duodenum and the bile duct, and a treatment device is inserted into the formed tunnel.

Abstract: An endoscope, including: at least one outer shaft tube, at least one inner shaft tube disposed within the at least one outer shaft tube; a window distally hermetically sealing one of the inner shaft tube or the outer shaft tube, a heater disposed proximate to the window between the at least one outer shaft tube and the at least one inner shaft tube, a temperature sensor disposed embedded in a potting compound proximate to the window, and an encasement filled with the potting compound, the encasement at least partially surrounding the temperature sensor.

Abstract: An image processing method includes generating a first augmented image by applying first data augmentation on an input image, generating a second augmented image by applying second data augmentation on the input image, generating a first output by inputting the first augmented image to a neural network, generating a second output by inputting the second augmented image to the neural network, calculating an output difference indicating a degree of difference between the first output and the second output, and updating a weight coefficient of each layer of the neural network based on the output difference.

Abstract: A processor causes a storage medium to store three-dimensional data of a subject in a storage step. The processor selects a reference image in a first selection step. The processor selects a selected image that is a two-dimensional image used for generating the three-dimensional data on the basis of the reference image in a second selection step. The processor estimates a second camera coordinate regarding the reference image on the basis of a first camera coordinate regarding the selected image in an estimation step. The processor displays an image of the subject on a display in a display step. The image of the subject visualizes at least one of the second camera coordinate and a set of three-dimensional coordinates of one or more points of the subject calculated on the basis of the second camera coordinate.

Abstract: Provided is an optical signal detection device that includes: an objective; a holding member provided between the objective and a sample to hold the sample; and a gel member that fills a space between the objective and the holding member. The gel member has ¼ scale penetration indicating a value of 44 to 111, both inclusive, measured based on a penetration test using a ¼ scale cone of JIS K 2220.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an endoscope operation portion; a first grasping portion configured to enable the endoscope operation portion to be grasped in a first grasping state; a second grasping portion configured to enable the endoscope operation portion to be grasped in a second grasping state; and attaching portion mounting portions to which an attaching portion of a treatment instrument operation portion is attached so as to enable an operation of the bending operation lever and an operation of a slider provided to the treatment instrument operation portion of the treatment instrument to be performed with fingers of a hand grasping the first grasping portion or the second grasping portion, the attaching portion mounting portions being formed respectively on the first grasping portion and the second grasping portion.

Abstract: An endoscope insertion observation apparatus includes a processor designed to perform functions including: detecting an insertion state of an insertion portion of an endoscope that is insertable into and extractable from a subject; determining whether or not the insertion portion has reached a second site in the subject from a first site in the subject and/or whether the insertion portion has reached the first site from the second site in the subject based on a detection result of the insertion state; and calculating a duration of movement of the insertion portion from the first site to the second site after determining that the insertion portion has reached the second site, or a duration of movement of the insertion portion from the second site to the first site after determining that the insertion portion has reached the first site.

Abstract: An image processing device is configured to: generate a histogram of pixel values of a plurality of pixels contained in an image; set a background pixel value by using a peak value of the generated histogram; set a noise range with respect to the set background pixel value; and replace the pixel values that fall in the set noise range with a single arbitrary pixel value.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus has a first/second optical system transmitting light through a first/second optical path, the second optical system having parallax with the first optical path; a switcher switching between the first and second optical paths in time series; an image sensor forming a first image and a second image by capturing subject images according to the light transmitted through the first optical path and the second optical path respectively; and a processor processing a signal output from the image sensor, wherein the processor calculates a motion vector in each divided region of a first base image from the first base image and a first reference image captured, interpolates an interpolation motion vector for each pixel of the first base image from the motion vector, and corrects the first base image or the first reference image to form a prediction image of the first image.

Abstract: In a manufacturing of a grasping device that is openable and closable and includes a first jaw having a first hole and a second jaw having a second hole larger than the first hole, the first jaw is arranged in between protruding portions of the second jaw. The second hole is located outside the first hole in a width direction of the grasping device, and a cross-sectional area of the second hole is larger than the first hole. A pin member is inserted through both the first hole and the second hole. The positions of the first jaw and the pin member are adjusted relative to the second jaw to predetermined positions. The pin member is fixed to the second jaw upon positioning the first jaw and the second jaw at the predetermined positions.

Abstract: A rigid scope includes: an objective lens composed of, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group having a negative power, a second lens group including a lens having a positive power, and a third lens group including two or more lenses; a relay lens arranged on the image side of the objective lens; a first lens frame that fixes in place a front group including at least the first lens group and the second lens group of the objective lens; and a second lens frame that fixes in place a rear group including one or more remaining lenses constituting the objective lens and at least part of the relay lens.

Abstract: A memory access device includes: a data processor configured to output an access request requesting access to a memory connected to a data bus, perform a data processing on data in the accessed memory, and provide notification of a progress status of the data processing; a priority switching control part configured to determine an urgency of the data processing by the data processor according to the progress status of the data processing notified from the data processor, and output a priority switching signal notifying switching of a priority of the data processor; and a bus arbiter connected to the data bus, configured to change the priority of the data processor according to the priority switching signal to arbitrate the access request output from the data processor, and control access to the memory according to the access request that has been arbitrated.

Abstract: A communication system including a transmission device and a reception device is provided. A processor of the transmission device is configured to store image data on a transmission buffer after deleting all the stored image data in a case in which a first condition and a second condition are met. The processor is configured to store the image data without deleting the stored image data in a case in which at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not met. The first condition indicates that a second transmission-completion frame this time is after a previous first transmission-completion frame. The second condition indicates that a third transmission-completion frame is not the next frame of the transmission-completion second frame. The third transmission-completion frame is a frame of the image data to be stored after confirming the transmission-completion frame this time.

Abstract: A treatment system includes an energy source apparatus and a thermal treatment tool configured to receive electrical energy from the energy source apparatus. The thermal treatment tool includes a thermally conductive member having opposed respective treatment and installation surfaces. A board being disposed on the installation surface and having respective longitudinal and widthwise directions. The board includes an electrically conductive wire having a conductive portion and a heat generating portion for generating heat when supplied with electric energy. The board is folded back at a folded point and is disposed on the thermally conductive member such that the heat generating portion of the electrically conductive wire facing the installation surface.

Abstract: A focus control device that has an image sensor that receives light flux that has passed through a photographing lens and is capable of generating a phase difference detection signal, and that executes focus adjustment based on the phase difference detection signal, the focus control device comprising a focus detection circuit that detects ranging data representing defocus amount based on phase difference detection signals of a plurality of focus detection regions that have been set in a region of the image sensor where the light flux is received, and a processor that, with ranging data corresponding to a plurality of focus detection regions being arranged in order of short distance, performs focus adjustment based on ranging data remaining after excluding ranging data in a specified range from ranging data representing a closest range.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a bendable part having a first bendable portion, a second bendable portion, a flexible tube part, and an operation unit. An upward coil is attached at its distal end on the second bendable portion. A second coil is attached at its distal end on the flexible tube part and at its proximal end in the operation unit. An upward coil receiver is disposed in the operation unit with the upward coil being connected to the upward coil receiver. A selection member presses the upward coil receiver and compresses the upward coil. A bent length selection wire is connected to the selection member. A selection pulley is disposed in the operation unit and is configured to allow the upward coil receiver to advance or retract via the selection member. A cam plate having cam portions is formed to increase a frictional force with rotation of the selection pulley.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a bending portion bendable in all directions including four directions: an up direction, a down direction, a left direction, and a right direction, a bending operation lever configured to bend the bending portion by being tilted, and a wire pulling mechanism provided integrally on the bending operation lever and including a lever tilting angle adjustment mechanism configured to set a first tilting angle at which the bending operation lever is tilted in order to bend the bending portion to at least one direction in the four directions by a predetermined bending angle and a second tilting angle at which the bending operation lever is tilted in order to bend the bending portion in a direction different from the at least one direction by a predetermined bending angle to different angles when the bending operation lever is tilted so as to bend the bending portion.