Abstract: An image sensor includes a first photoelectric conversion unit that converts light incident through a first opening to an electric charge, a second photoelectric conversion unit that converts light incident through a second opening which is smaller than the first opening to an electric charge, and a signal output wiring that outputs a first signal generated by the electric charge converted by the first photoelectric conversion unit and a second signal generated by the electric charge converted by the second photoelectric conversion unit. The second photoelectric conversion unit is disposed between the second opening and the signal output wiring.

Abstract: A terahertz light detector includes: a light reception unit that receives terahertz light from a measured object; a pulse laser that generates pulse light; an optical member which the pulse light enters; and a control unit that controls the energy of the pulse light which enters the optical member, wherein the optical member has anomalous dispersion, and the light reception unit outputs a signal that is dependent on an intensity of terahertz light when the pulse light emitted from the optical member enters the light reception unit.

Abstract: A substrate stacking apparatus that stacks first and second substrates on each other, by forming a contact region where the first substrate held by a first holding section and the second substrate held by a second holding section contact each other, at one portion of the first and second substrates, and expanding the contact region from the one portion by releasing holding of the first substrate by the first holding section, wherein an amount of deformation occurring in a plurality of directions at least in the first substrate differs when the contact region expands, and the substrate stacking apparatus includes a restricting section that restricts misalignment between the first and second substrates caused by a difference in the amount of deformation. In the substrate stacking apparatus above, the restricting section may restrict the misalignment such that an amount of the misalignment is less than or equal to a prescribed value.

Abstract: A zoom optical system comprises, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power; a front-side lens group; an intermediate lens group having positive refractive power; and a rear-side lens group. The front-side lens group is composed of one or more lens groups and has a negative lens group. At least part of the intermediate lens group is a focusing lens group. The rear-side lens group is composed of one or more lens groups. Upon zooming, distances between the first lens group and the front-side lens group, between the front-side lens group and the intermediate lens group, and between the intermediate lens group and the rear-side lens group change. At least one of the following conditional expressions is satisfied: 0.010<fF/fXR<10.000 2.250<TLW/ZD1<10.

Abstract: A lens barrel and an imaging device which can be miniaturized, the lens barrel with a movable cylinder that moves along the optical axis with a change in focal length; first and second drive units in the movable cylinder; and first and second lens driven by the first and second drive units respectively to move along the optical axis relative to the movable cylinder. The movement amount of the first lens relative to the cylinder when the focal length is changed to a second focal length from a first state where the first lens is at a position closest to a subject with a first focal length is less than the movement amount of the first lens relative to the cylinder when the focal length is changed to the second focal length from a second state where the first lens is closer to an image plane than the first state.

Abstract: A wide range within a subject eye is observed while a burden on a subject of whom the subject eye is part is moderated. In an optical system that deals with light reflected from the fundus of the subject eye, a first optical system that pertains to a field of view of a fundus central portion centered on an optical axis is used as a standard optical system. The optical system can be switched by a replacement mechanism from the first optical system to a second optical system that pertains to a field of view of a fundus surroundings portion surrounding the fundus central portion.

Abstract: An image-processing device including: a determination unit that determines a captured image on the basis of a ratio of cells and a distribution of the cells in the captured image acquired by imaging a sample including cells; and an area setting unit that sets an area used for analyzing the cells of the sample on the basis of a result of the determination acquired by the determination unit.

Abstract: A lens barrel including a first lens, an actuator that drives the first lens, a first barrel that holds a first cam follower and the actuator and moves in an optical axis direction, a second lens, and a second barrel that holds a second cam follower and the second lens and moves in the optical axis direction, the second barrel having a first hole portion in which the first cam follower is disposed.

Abstract: An optical system configured for imaging an object with the use of two independently-scanning reflectors, the optical system having an optical axis and including: first and second scanning reflectors, the first scanning reflector being configured to scan a beam of light incident thereon in a first plane, the second scanning reflector being configured to scan a beam of light incident thereon in a second plane, and the first and second planes being transverse to one another; and a catadioptric afocal relay system disposed along the optical axis in optical communication with, and between, the first and second scanning reflectors, the catadioptric afocal relay system being configured to image one of the first or second scanning reflectors onto another of the first or second scanning reflectors, in light propagating along the optical axis, with a unit magnification, and the catadioptric afocal relay system including only one reflector.

Abstract: A lens barrel is provided with: a first tube; a second tube arranged on one side among the radial outside or inside of the first tube and having a linear grove along an optical axis; a fixing member provided to the first tube; a movable member that is movably held by the fixing member and has a first protruding section arranged in the linear groove; and an elastic section arranged between the fixing member and the movable member, wherein the first protruding section abuts against one side surface of the linear groove by means of the elastic section.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising a plurality of lens groups and, upon varying a magnification, distances between respective lens groups in the plurality of lens groups being varied. The plurality of lens groups comprises an object side focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing and at least one image side focusing lens group disposed in a more image side than the object side focusing lens group and moved with a trajectory differing from that of the object side focusing lens group, upon carrying out focusing. The predetermined conditional expressions are satisfied. Thus, variations in aberrations upon varying magnification from the wide angle end state to the telephoto end state as well as variations in aberrations upon carrying out focusing from an infinite distance object to a close distance object can be suppressed superbly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring thermo-mechanically induced reticle distortion or other distortion in a lithography device enables detecting distortion at the nanometer level in situ. The techniques described use relatively simple optical detectors and data acquisition electronics that are capable of monitoring the distortion in real time, during operation of the lithography equipment. Time-varying anisotropic distortion of a reticle can be measured by directing slit patterns of light having different orientations to the reticle and detecting reflected, transmitted or diffracted light from the reticle. In one example, corresponding segments of successive time measurements of secondary light signals are compared as the reticle scans a substrate at a reticle stage speed of about 1 m/s to detect temporal offsets and other features that correspond to spatial distortion.

Abstract: An imaging element includes: an imaging unit in which a plurality of pixel groups including a plurality of pixels that output pixel signals according to incident light are formed, and on which incident light corresponding to mutually different pieces of image information is incident; a control unit that controls, for each of the pixel groups, a period of accumulating in the plurality of pixels included in the pixel group; and a readout unit that is provided to each of the pixel groups, and reads out the pixel signals from the plurality of pixels included in the pixel group.

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: A compound represented by Formula (1) given below. (In the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X represents a C2 to 6 alkylene group, a C4 to 6 alkylene group containing an oxygen atom and/or a sulfur atom, or a C3 to 6 alkylene group in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with an acryloxy group or a methacryloxy group.

Abstract: In corner sections of first to fourth quadrants whose origin point is a center of an upper surface of a stage, three each of two-dimensional heads are provided. The three each of two-dimensional heads include one first head and two second heads. The stage is driven, while measuring a position of the stage using three first heads that face a two-dimensional grating of a scale plate provided above the stage from the four first heads, and during the driving, difference data of measurement values of the two second heads with respect to the first head in a measurement direction are taken in for head groups to which the three first heads belong, respectively, and using the difference data, grid errors are calibrated.

Abstract: Provided is optical glass containing, in terms of mol % of cations: 10 to 60% of a La3+ component; more than 0% and up to 75% of a Ga3+ component; and 5 to 75% of a Nb5+ component, in which a total amount of the La3+ component, Ga3+ component, and Nb5+ component is 60 to 100%.

Abstract: A retrieval support system includes a database which stores commodity image data; a retrieval unit which acquires commodity image data having image characteristic information which is the same as or similar to image characteristic information indicating a characteristic in an image of input image data, from the database, with respect to the input image data; and a condition setting unit which sets a retrieval condition including at least one of time information relating to time, place information relating to places and occasion information relating to occasions. The retrieval unit performs retrieval of the commodity image data based on the retrieval condition set by the condition setting unit. The commodity image data acquired by the retrieval unit and information relating to a commodity different from a commodity corresponding to the commodity image data are output together.

Abstract: Provided is a variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side along an optical axis, a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power, a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power, and a fourth lens group G4; upon zooming from a wide angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 being varied, a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group being varied; the third lens group G3 comprising, in order from the object side along the optical axis, a 3a-th lens group G3a having positive refractive power, an aperture S, and a 3b-th lens group G3b having positive refractive power; a lens group having negative refractive power within the 3b-th lens group G3b being used as a vibration reduction lens group and moved so as to include a component i

Abstract: A transistor manufacturing method includes forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on a substrate, forming a layer including an insulator layer to cover the source electrode and the drain electrode, and forming a gate electrode on the layer including the insulator layer, wherein the forming the gate electrode includes forming a plating base film, forming a protection layer of the plating base film, forming a photoresist layer on the protection layer to expose the photoresist layer with desired patterning light, causing the exposed photoresist layer to come into contact with a developer to remove the photoresist layer and the protection layer until the plating base film is uncovered corresponding to the patterning light, and after depositing a metal on the uncovered plating base film, causing an electroless plating solution to come into contact with the plating base film to perform electroless plating.

Abstract: Apparatus include a reaction mass and an actuator coupled to the reaction mass. The actuator is configured to couple to a payload and to move the reaction mass in response to a movement error of the payload to reduce the movement error of the payload. Robotic systems using actuated reaction masses, as well as related methods of reducing movement errors, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes: an imaging unit having a first and second pixel each of which receives light transmitted through an optical system and outputs signal used for focus detection, and a third pixel which receives light transmitted through the optical system and outputs signal used for image generation; an input unit to which information regarding the optical system is input; a selection unit that selects one of the first and second pixel based on the information to the input unit; a readout unit that reads out the signal from one of the first and second pixel based on a selection result at a timing different from reading out the signal from the third pixel to be read out; and a focus detection unit that performs the focus detection based on at least one of the signals of the first and second pixel read out by the readout unit.

Abstract: A cell tracking method for performing cell tracking on the basis of a plurality of cell images captured in time series, including an extraction process of extracting a tracking region corresponding to the cell for each cell images; a tracking process of calculating a change information in a position of the extracted tracking region and tracking the cell on the basis of the change information; a determination process of determining whether or not the cell as a tracking target is in a cell division state on the basis of the cell image; and an analysis process of analyzing a movement state of the cell on the basis of the change information from which the change information in a period of the cell division state is excluded when the cell is determined to be in the cell division state in the determination process.

Abstract: Positioning assemblies for use with a robot include a gimbal assembly having a gimbal's rotational center is positioned directly above a center of gravity of a payload. One or more linear counter masses and/or one or more rotating masses (flywheels) can be provided, and each can include an actuator or brake to control forces acting between the counter masses and/or flywheels and the payload and stabilize the payload during and after movement of the payload with the robot.

Abstract: The problem of addressing vibrational disturbances in mechanical positioning systems is addressed by systems and methods that use a combination of active vibration dampening and passive vibration dampening. A system described herein generally comprises a mechanical positioning system; a payload; and a vibration dampening module coupled to the mechanical position system and to the payload. The vibration dampening module generally comprises an active vibration dampener and/or a passive vibration dampener.

Abstract: A vibration reduction system includes a base, a carrier element, and a plurality of actuator systems extending between the base and the carrier element, the plurality of actuator systems arranged to apply forces to the carrier element in multiple axes to reduce vibration of the carrier element, each actuator system of the plurality of actuator systems including a pneumatic actuator and an electric actuator.

Abstract: A pulsed light generation device, includes: a first optical fiber through which first pulsed light and second pulsed light, having an intensity that decreases while an intensity of the first pulsed light increases, and increases while the intensity of the first pulsed light decreases, having been multiplexed and entered therein, are propagated; and a second optical fiber at which the first pulsed light, having exited the first optical fiber and entered therein, is amplified while being propagated therein, wherein: at the first optical fiber, phase modulation occurs in the first pulsed light due to cross phase modulation caused by the second pulsed light; and self-phase modulation occurring in the first pulsed light at the second optical fiber is diminished by the phase modulation having occurred at the first optical fiber.

Abstract: A catoptric system having a reference axis and including a reflective pattern-source (carrying a substantially one-dimensional pattern) and a combination of two optical reflectors disposed sequentially to transfer EUV radiation incident onto the first optical component to the pattern-source the substantially one-dimensional pattern of which is disposed in a curved surface. In one case, such combination includes only two optical reflectors (each may contain multiple constituent components). The combination is disposed in a fixed spatial and optical relationship with respect to the pattern-source, and represents an illumination unit (IU) of a 1D EUV exposure tool that additionally includes a projection optical sub-system configured to form an optical image of the pattern-source on an image plane with the use of only two beams of radiation. These only two beams of radiation originate at the pattern-source from the EUV radiation transferred onto the pattern-source.

Abstract: Provided is a control device for controlling an imaging condition of a sensor having one or more pixels, comprising an event detection unit for detecting an event indicating that a luminance signal changes in excess of a predetermined threshold value in one or more pixels, and for outputting an event detection signal; a counter for counting a number of events detected by the event detection unit; and a control unit for controlling the imaging condition of the sensor, based on the event detection signal. In addition, provided is a control method for controlling an imaging condition of a sensor having one or more pixels. The control method comprises detecting an event indicating that a luminance signal changes in excess of a predetermined threshold value in one or more pixels; counting a number of events; and controlling the imaging condition of the sensor, based on the detection of events.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system includes, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having negative refractive power; and a third lens group having positive refractive power; upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group and a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied. The variable magnification optical system further includes a V lens group GV having negative refractive power and being moved to have a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and an F lens group GF having positive refractive power and being moved along the optical axis upon focusing from an infinitely distant object to a close object, the V lens group GV being disposed on the more object side than the F lens group GF.

Abstract: An image-capturing apparatus includes: an image sensor having a first image-capturing region and a second image-capturing region different from the first image-capturing region; and a control unit that displays an image generated by the first image-capturing region and an image generated by the second image-capturing region on a display unit, with a region targeted for setting image-capturing conditions of the image sensor being selectable.

Abstract: Both observation of a wide range within a subject eye may be enabled and a burden on a subject of whom the subject eye is part may be moderated. In order of incidence of light from a side at which a pupil of the subject eye is disposed, spreading of the luminous flux is suppressed by a first refracting face, the light is reflected by a first reflection surface with a central aperture, directing the luminous flux in convergent directions in a direction toward the subject eye, the light is reflected in the direction opposite to the direction toward the subject eye by a second reflection surface, and the light is transmitted through the central aperture of the first reflection surface and forms a pupil conjugate image that is conjugate with a position of the pupil of the subject eye.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises, in order from an object: a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power; a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power; and a subsequent lens group (GR), wherein upon zooming, a distance between the first lens group (G1) and the second lens group (G2) changes, a distance between the second lens group (G2) and the third lens group (G3) changes, and a distance between the third lens group (G3) and the subsequent lens group (GR) changes, the subsequent lens group (GR) comprises a focusing lens group that moves upon focusing, and the second lens group (G2) comprises a partial group that satisfies following conditional expressions, 1.40<fvr/f2<2.30, 1.80<f1/fw<3.

Abstract: An image capture device is mounted in a vehicle. The image capture device includes: an image capture unit; and a setting unit that sets an image capture condition for each region of the image capture unit each having a plurality of pixels, or for each pixel, based upon at least one of a state exterior to the vehicle and a state of the vehicle.

Abstract: An reconfigurable optical arrangement for imaging posterior and anterior surfaces of a visual system. The optical arrangement includes a relay containing first and second lenses each having a positive optical power and detachably cooperated with one another such that the first lens and the second lens form an afocal system configured to form a conjugate relationship between the first plane and the second plane. In a related embodiment, the optical arrangement may include a first lens system of an first optical system housed in a body of a mobile telecommunication device and an afocal relay including first and second lenses that possess equal optical properties. Here, the afocal relay is configured to have a unity magnification and to provide diffraction-limited imaging within a spectral range from at least 486 nm to at least 656 nm. The method for imaging with the use of the optical arrangement.

Abstract: To acquire an image of a sample. A microscope includes: an illumination optical system that includes a light flux splitter that splits light from a light source into a plurality of light fluxes, and scans a sample in a plurality of directions with interference fringes generated by interference of at least part of the light fluxes split by the light flux splitter; a detection optical system on which light from the sample is incident; a detection device that includes a plurality of detectors that detect the light from the sample via the detection optical system; and an image processor that generates an image using detection results of two or more of the detectors of the detection device.

Abstract: A visualization of choroidal blood vessel size is created. A vortex vein position is detected from a choroidal vascular image in which choroidal blood vessels have been visualized. Image processing is employed on the choroidal vascular image to extract first size choroidal blood vessels of a first size and to extract second size choroidal blood vessels of a second size different to the first size from the choroidal vascular image. A size analysis fundus image is generated in which a rectangular frame indicating the vortex vein position is displayed superimposed on the choroidal vascular image, and in which the first size choroidal blood vessels are displayed in red and the second size choroidal blood vessels are displayed in blue.

Abstract: In a carrier system, a chuck unit is used to hold a placed wafer from above, and vertical-motion pins use suction to hold the wafer from below. Then, the chuck unit and the vertical-motion pins are subsequently lowered until a bottom surface of the wafer comes into contact with a wafer table. During the lowering, the holding force exerted by the chuck unit and the arrangement of chuck members are optimally adjusted such that, as a result of the restraint of the wafer by the chuck unit and the vertical-motion pins, localized surplus-restraint is imparted to the wafer, and warping does not occur.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable optical filter and a method for switching and adjusting the wavelength tunable optical filter. The optical filter includes a liquid crystal cell comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal mixture inserted between two electrodes configured to apply a voltage, the cholesteric liquid crystal mixture comprising a chiral dopant and a dual frequency liquid crystal host material, the liquid crystal cell having a reference Bragg reflection wavelength in the spectral range between 300 nm and 900 nm, and the liquid crystal cell having a first Bragg reflection wavelength, when the applied voltage is modulated at a frequency comprised in an intermediate frequency range which is above a cross-over frequency and below a high frequency limit, the first Bragg reflection wavelength being different from the reference Bragg reflection wavelength and the cholesteric liquid crystal mixture being non-scattering both in the reference Bragg reflection mode and in the first Bragg reflection mode.

Abstract: To make a difference between respective accumulation conditions of first and second regions of a live view image and then to check the live view image for changes in an image corresponding to the changes in the accumulation conditions of the respective regions. An electronic apparatus includes an image-capture unit and a system control unit. The image-capture unit includes an image sensor and captures an image of first and second regions. The system control unit causes a display unit to display a live view image corresponding to the image of the first and second regions captured by the image-capture unit. The system control unit also makes a difference between respective accumulation conditions of the first and second regions of the live view image.

Abstract: A porous film is a porous film having a silica particle, wherein a refractive index is 1.1 to 1.25, and a contact angle with respect to water is equal to or more than 40°.

Abstract: A determination method includes causing the state in each of the plurality of pixels to correspond to a plurality of states of a plurality of bits of an Ising model, and setting an evaluation function for evaluating a degree of coincidence between the target image and the formed image as a function of the plurality of bits, and determining which one of the plurality of states is to be set for each of the plurality of pixels on the basis of states of the plurality of bits included in a result obtained by evaluating the evaluation function by an Ising machine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical article comprising a birefringent liquid crystal composition, said composition comprising more than 30% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of tolane compounds of formula R—S—Z1-A-Z2—NCS, in which R is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group, Z1 and Z2 are aryl groups, and A is an ethynyl group, an arylethynyl group or an ethynylarylethynyl group.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device includes a scanning member, an objective lens, and an optical element. The objective lens includes a first lens group and a second lens group in order from the scanning member side. The optical element is capable of being inserted into and removed from an optical path between the second lens group of the objective lens and the scanning member. In a case in which the optical element is not inserted into the optical path, the objective lens configures a first observation optical system. In a case in which the optical element has been inserted into the optical path, the objective lens and the optical element configure a second observation optical system.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a semiconductor substrate having a light receiving unit that receives incident light passed through a microlens; and a light shielding unit that blocks a part of the light passed through the microlens and enters the semiconductor substrate. The light receiving unit receives the incident light passed through the microlens, between the microlens and the light shielding unit.

Abstract: A substrate holder includes a central support portion configured to support a central portion of a substrate, and an circumferential support portion arranged on an outside of the central support portion and configured to support a circumferential portion on an outside of the central portion, and the circumferential support portion is configured to support the circumferential portion so that at least a partial region of the circumferential portion is curved toward the substrate holder with a curvature greater than that of the central portion.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a detection unit that detects eyes from an image, a selection unit that selects one eye from the eyes detected by the detection unit, an operation unit that accepts an operation of causing the selection unit to select an eye different from the selected eye, and a display unit that displays an indication superimposed on an image indicating that the eye is selected by the selection unit.

Abstract: A flexible sensor includes a substrate having flexibility; and a sensor element provided on the substrate, wherein the sensor element includes a transistor having a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; and a variable resistance portion connected to either of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode, and the variable resistance portion has a resistance value changeable due to a strain, and wherein the variable resistance portion includes an extension portion extending in a direction.

Abstract: Laser radar include two part objective lenses that are used for imaging a target and directing probe beams to the target. Portions of tracer beams that degrade target images are attenuated with dichroic filters that block central portions of tracer beams. Local oscillator beams can be produced with a mixing lens that directs probe beams through a polarizing beam splitter to focus at or on a waveplate so that portions are reflected from the waveplate as local oscillator beams. An imaging system that is confocal with a probe beam is coupled to provide target measurements or to establish a focus of the probe beam.

Abstract: A charged particle beam optical system is provided with a plurality of irradiation optical systems each of which irradiates an object W with a charged particle beam EB, the plurality of irradiation optical system includes a first irradiation optical system and a second irradiation optical system that generates a second magnetic field having a characteristics different from a characteristics of a first magnetic field generated by the first irradiation optical system.