Hubble Telescope

Hubble Team :
Members :
• Tanzina Bithi . ID : 162-15-739
• Niloy Chandra Saha . ID : 161-15-7302
• Moha Nondon Babu. ID : 161-15-7193
• Shukanta Dey ID : 161-15-7259
• Razuanull Haque Rain ID : 161-15-7198

Introduction :
• The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into
low Earth orbit in 1990. In 1983 the telescope was named after Edwin Hubble ,
who discovered that the universe is expanding.
• And is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray
Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
• The HST was built by the United States space agency NASA, with contributions
from the European Space Agency.

Proposal Of HST :
• Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923. Hubble was funded in the
1970s, with a proposed launch in 1983, but the project was beset by technical
delays, budget problems, and the Challenger disaster (1986). When finally
launched in 1990, Hubble's main mirror was found to have been ground
incorrectly. The optics were corrected by a servicing mission in 1993.

Construction and Engineering :
• Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) was given responsibility for the design,
development, and construction of the telescope
• Goddard Space Flight Center was given overall control of the scientific
instruments and ground-control center for the mission.
• MSFC commissioned the optics company Perkin-Elmer to design and build the
Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA) and Fine Guidance Sensors for the space
telescope.

The Spacecraft :
• Hubble is 43.5 feet long and 14 feet wide at the back, where the scientific instruments are
housed.
• Weight nearly 25,000 pounds, the telescope is approximately the same size and weight as a
school bus.
• The observatory is powered by two solar arrays that convert sunlight into electrical energy that is
stored in six large batteries.

Ground support :
• The Space Telescope Science Institute is responsible for the scientific operation of the telescope
and the delivery of data products to astronomers.
• Engineering support for HST is provided by NASA and contractor personnel at the Goddard Space
Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Hubble's operation is monitored 24 hours per day by four
teams of flight controllers who make up Hubble's Flight Operations Team.

List of Hubble instruments :
• Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS; 2002-present)
• Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS; 2009-present)
• Faint Object Camera (FOC; 1990-2002)
• Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS; 1990-1997)
• Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS; 1990-present)
• Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS/HRS; 1990-1997)
• High Speed Photometer (HSP; 1990-1993)
• Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC; 1990-1993)
• Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2; 1993-2009)
• Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3; 2009-present)

Servicing missions and new instruments :
Hubble was designed to accommodate regular servicing and equipment upgrades
while in orbit. Five servicing missions were flown by NASA space shuttles, the first
in December 1993 and the last in May 2009.
Servicing Mission 1 in December 1993.
Servicing Mission 2 in February 1997.
Servicing Mission 3A in December 1999.
Servicing Mission 3B in March 2002.
Servicing Mission 4 in May 2009.

Impact on astronomy :
• Many objective measures show the positive impact of Hubble data on astronomy.
Over 9,000 papers based on Hubble data have been published in peer-reviewed
journals, and countless more have appeared in conference proceedings. On
average, a paper based on Hubble data receives about twice as many citations as
papers based on non-Hubble data. Of the 200 papers published each year that
receive the most citations, about 10% are based on Hubble data.

Public use :
• Anyone can apply for time on the telescope; there are no restrictions on
nationality or academic affiliation, but funding for analysis is only available to US
institutions. Competition for time on the telescope is intense, with about one-
fifth of the proposals submitted in each cycle earning time on the schedule.

Transmission to Earth :
• About twice daily, the Hubble Space Telescope radios data to a satellite in
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System, which then downlinks the science data
to one of two 60-foot diameter high-gain microwave antennas. From there they
are sent to the Space Telescope Operations Control Center and finally to the
Space Telescope Science Institute for archiving. Each week, HST downlinks about
140 gigabits of data.

The Team : Pictured above is the Hubble mission operations team at NASA's Goddard Space Flight
Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, as of Hubble’s 25th anniversary of flight.

Hubble Telescope

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