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Frederick Forsyth

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For the Canadian politician, see Frederick Forsyth Pardee.

Frederick Forsyth

CBE
Forsyth in 1972, showing the bullet that grazed his head in the Biafra War
Forsyth in 1972, showing the bullet that grazed his head in the Biafra War
BornFrederick McCarthy Forsyth
(1938-08-25)25 August 1938
Ashford, Kent, England
Died9 June 2025(2025-06-09) (aged 86)
Jordans, Buckinghamshire, England
OccupationNovelist
EducationTonbridge School, Kent
Period1969–2025
Genre
Notable works
Spouse
  • Carole Cunningham
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1973; div. 1988)​
  • Sandy Molloy
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1994; died 2024)​
Military career
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
BranchRoyal Air Force
Years of service1956–1958
RankPilot officer
Service number5010968
Website
www.frederickforsyth.co.uk

Frederick McCarthy Forsyth (/fɔːˈsaɪθ/[1][2] 25 August 1938 – 9 June 2025) was an English novelist and journalist. He was best known for thrillers such as The Day of the Jackal, The Odessa File, The Fourth Protocol, The Dogs of War, The Devil's Alternative, The Fist of God, Icon, The Veteran, Avenger, The Afghan, The Cobra and The Kill List. Forsyth's works frequently appeared on best-sellers lists and more than a dozen of his titles have been adapted to film. By 2006, he had sold more than 70 million books in more than 30 languages.[3] He also worked as a journalist, first joining Reuters in 1961 before serving as an assistant diplomatic correspondent in 1965 for BBC. He also frequently wrote a column for the middle market newspaper Daily Express often regarding political issues, such as his scepticism on the subject of anthropogenic climate change.

Early life and career

[edit]

Forsyth was born in Ashford, Kent, on 25 August 1938, and was educated at Tonbridge School, a private boarding and day school in the market town of Tonbridge, Kent.[4]

Military and journalism

[edit]

Before becoming a journalist, Forsyth completed his National Service in the Royal Air Force as a pilot, for which he flew the de Havilland Vampire.[5] He was commissioned with the rank of acting pilot officer on 28 August 1956,[6] becoming substantive in that rank one year later.[7] After completing his full-time national service, he was transferred to the Royal Auxiliary Air Force on 30 October 1958 with the rank of flying officer.[8] He joined Reuters in 1961 and in 1965 the BBC, for which he served as an assistant diplomatic correspondent.[9]

Forsyth reported on his early activities as a journalist. His early career was spent covering French affairs and the attempted assassination of Charles de Gaulle. He had never been to Africa until reporting on the Nigerian Civil War between Biafra and Nigeria as a BBC correspondent.[10] He was there for the first six months of 1967, but few expected the war to last long considering the poor weaponry and preparation of the Biafrans when compared to the British-armed Nigerians.[11] After his six months were over, however, Forsyth—eager to carry on reporting—approached the BBC to ask if he could have more time there. He noted their response:

I was told quite bluntly, then, "it is not our policy to cover this war". This was a period when the Vietnam War was front-page headlines almost every day, regarded broadly as an American cock-up, and this particularly British cock-up in Nigeria was not going to be covered. I smelt news management. I don't like news management. So I made a private vow to myself: "you may, gentlemen, not be covering it, but I'm going to cover it". So I quit and flew out there, and stayed there for most of the next two years.

Forsyth thus returned to Biafra as a freelance reporter, writing his first book, The Biafra Story, in 1969.[12]

In August 2015, Forsyth revealed that in Biafra he was an informant for MI6,[13] a relationship that continued for 20 years. According to Forsyth, he was not paid.[14]

Forsyth did occasional radio commentary on political issues. He also wrote for newspapers throughout his career, and up until August 2023 wrote a weekly column in the Daily Express.[15] In 2003, he criticised "gay-bashers in the churches" in The Guardian newspaper.[16] He narrated several documentaries, including Jesus Christ Airlines, Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle and I Have Never Forgotten You: The Life & Legacy of Simon Wiesenthal.[17][18][19]

Writing

[edit]
Forsyth in 2003

According to Forsyth, his turn to writing fiction was born of financial need; he did not think himself cut out to be a novelist. As a boy, he said, he wanted to be "a fighter jock," and when he traded his career in the RAF for journalism, it was "to see the world" as a foreign and war correspondent. As for becoming a novelist, he confessed "I never wanted to be a writer," but wrote his first full-length novel, The Day of the Jackal, because he was "skint, stony broke."[20] He applied similar research techniques to those used in journalism. Published in 1971, the book became an international bestseller and gained its author the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel in 1972.[21] In this story, the Organisation armée secrète hires an assassin to kill then–French President Charles de Gaulle.[22] It was made into a film of the same name, and subsequently a television series.[21]

In Forsyth's second full-length novel, The Odessa File (1972), a reporter attempts to track down an ex–Nazi SS officer in contemporary Germany.[23][24] The reporter discovers him via the diary of a Jewish Holocaust survivor who died of suicide earlier, but he is being shielded by an organisation that protects ex-Nazis, called ODESSA.[25] This book was later made into a movie with the same name, starring Jon Voight, but there were substantial alterations. Many of the novel's readers assumed that a centralized ODESSA organisation really existed, but historians disagree.[26]

In The Dogs of War (1974) a British mining executive hires a group of mercenaries to overthrow the government of an African country so that he can install a puppet regime that will allow him cheap access to a colossal platinum-ore reserve.[27][28] This book was also adapted into a 1980 film starring Christopher Walken and Tom Berenger.[22][29] The Shepherd was an illustrated novella published in 1975. It tells of a nightmare journey by an RAF pilot while flying home for Christmas in the late 1950s. His attempts to find a rational explanation for his eventual rescue prove as troublesome as his experience.[30]

Following this came The Devil's Alternative in 1979, which is set in 1982.[21][31] In this book, the Soviet Union faces a disastrous grain harvest. The U.S. is ready to help for some political and military concessions. A Politburo faction fight ensues. War is proposed as a solution. Ukrainian freedom fighters complicate the situation later. In the end, a Swedish oil tanker built in Japan, a Russian airliner hijacked to West Berlin and various governments find themselves involved.[32] In 1982, No Comebacks, a collection of ten short stories, was published.[33] Some of these stories had been written earlier. Many were set in the Republic of Ireland where Forsyth was living at the time. One of them, There Are No Snakes in Ireland, won him a second Edgar Allan Poe Award.[34]

The Fourth Protocol was published in 1984 and involves renegade elements within the Soviet Union attempting to plant an atomic bomb near a U.S airbase in the UK, intending to influence the upcoming British elections and lead to the election of an anti-NATO, anti-American, anti-nuclear, pro-Soviet Labour government.[35][36] The 1987 adaptation as a thriller film starred Pierce Brosnan and Michael Caine.[37][38]

Forsyth's tenth book came in 1989 with The Negotiator, in which the United States President's son is kidnapped and one man's job is to negotiate his release.[39][40] Two years later, in 1991, The Deceiver was published. It includes four short stories reviewing the career of British secret agent Sam McCready. At the start of the novel, the Permanent Under-Secretary of State (PUSS) of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office requires the Chief of the SIS to push Sam into early retirement. The four stories are presented to a grievance committee in an attempt to allow Sam to stay on active duty with the SIS.[41][42]

In 1994, Forsyth published The Fist of God, a novel which concerns the first Gulf War, Project Babylon and competition between intelligence agencies.[43] Next, in 1996, he published Icon, about the rise of fascists to power in post-Soviet Russia.[44] Forsyth then published The Phantom of Manhattan, a sequel to The Phantom of the Opera.[45] It was intended as a departure from his usual genre; Forsyth's explanation was that "I had done mercenaries, assassins, Nazis, murderers, terrorists, special forces soldiers, fighter pilots, you name it, and I got to think, could I actually write about the human heart?"[46] However, it did not achieve the same success as his other novels, and he subsequently returned to modern-day thrillers.[22]

In 2001, The Veteran, another collection of short stories, was published, followed by Avenger, published in September 2003, about a Canadian billionaire who hires a Vietnam veteran to bring his grandson's killer to the United States.[47][48][49] The novel was adapted into a film starring Sam Elliott and Timothy Hutton.[22] Another novel written by Forsyth, The Afghan, was published in August 2006. Set in the very near future, the threat of a catastrophic assault on the West, discovered on a senior al-Qaeda member's computer, compels the leaders of the U.S. and the UK to attempt a desperate gambit—to substitute a seasoned British operative, retired Col. Mike Martin (of The Fist of God), for an Afghan Taliban commander being held prisoner at Guantánamo Bay.[50]

The Cobra, published in 2010, features some of the characters previously featured in Avenger, and has as its subject an attempt to destroy the world trade in cocaine.[51] On 20 August 2013, his novel The Kill List was published. It was announced earlier in June that year that Rupert Sanders would be directing a film version of the story.[52] In September 2015, Forsyth's autobiography, The Outsider: My Life in Intrigue, was published.[22][53]

In January 2018, it was announced that Forsyth would publish his eighteenth novel, a thriller about computer hackers, inspired by the Lauri Love and Gary McKinnon stories.[54] The Fox was published in the same year as an espionage thriller regarding a highly skilled autistic hacker.[55][56]

Other awards

[edit]

On 16 February 2012 the Crime Writers' Association announced that Forsyth had won its Cartier Diamond Dagger award in recognition of his body of work.[57]

Forsyth was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1997 New Year Honours list for services to literature.[58]

Political views

[edit]

Forsyth was a Eurosceptic Conservative.[59] He was Patron of Better Off Out, an organisation calling for Britain's withdrawal from the European Union, and he supported Brexit.[59] In 2003, he was awarded the One of Us Award from the Conservative Way Forward group for his services to the Conservative movement in Britain.[60]

In the run-up to the 2005 general election, Forsyth called for the impeachment of Tony Blair over the 2003 invasion of Iraq and lent his support to anti-war campaigner Reg Keys who stood in Blair's constituency of Sedgefield.[61][62] In 2016, Forsyth was featured as a character in Reg, a one-off BBC real-life drama about Reg Keys' campaign. In the programme, Forsyth was portrayed by Tim Bentinck.[63]

Forsyth often appeared on BBC's political panel show Question Time as a guest; he also expressed scepticism on the subject of anthropogenic climate change in a Daily Express column he wrote often.[45][11]

Personal life

[edit]

Forsyth married former model Carole Cunningham in 1973. The marriage, which produced two children, ended in divorce in 1988. He married Sandy Molloy in 1994. Molloy died in October 2024.[34][64][65] He also had a relationship with actress Faye Dunaway.[66] Forsyth previously resided in a 26-room manor house in East End Green, Hertfordshire, with his family before moving to Buckinghamshire in 2010.[67][68][69]

In 2016, he said he was giving up writing thrillers because his wife had told him he was too old to travel to dangerous places.[70]

Death

[edit]

Forsyth died at his home in Jordans, Buckinghamshire, on 9 June 2025, aged 86, following a brief illness.[71][23][72]

Bibliography

[edit]
Works by Frederick Forsyth
Title Year Notes Ref.
The Biafra Story 1969 Non-fiction. 1977 edition titled The Biafra Story: The Making of an African Legend. [5][73]
The Day of the Jackal 1971 Adapted into the 1973 film of the same name. [5][74]
The Odessa File 1972 Adapted into the 1974 film of the same name. [5][75]
The Dogs of War 1974 Adapted into the 1980 film of the same name. [5][76]
The Shepherd 1975 Illustrated short story. [30]
The Devil's Alternative 1979 [5]
Emeka 1982 Biography of C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, President of Biafra. [45]
No Comebacks 1982 Collection consisting of ten short stories. [77]
The Fourth Protocol 1984 Adapted into the 1987 film of the same name. [5]
The Negotiator 1989 [5][78]
The Deceiver 1991 [45]
Great Flying Stories 1991 Compiled, edited and introduced by Forsyth. Features his 1975 story "The Shepherd" and "The Black Aeroplane" [79]
Sharp Practice 1992 An audiobook of three short stories from No Comebacks, read by Edward de Souza [80]
The Fist of God 1994 [5]
Icon 1996 Adapted into 2005 television film. [5][22]
The Phantom of Manhattan 1999 Partly adapted into the 2010 romantic musical Love Never Dies. [21][22]
The Veteran 2001 Collection consisting of five short stories: "The Veteran", "The Art of the Matter", "The Miracle", "The Citizen", and "Whispering Wind". [81][82]
Avenger 2003 Adapted into 2006 television film. [5][83]
The Afghan 2006 Characters from The Fist of God reappear. [21][34]
The Cobra 2010 [5]
The Kill List 2013 [45]
The Outsider: My Life in Intrigue 2015 Autobiography. Published in September 2015. [5]
The Fox 2018 [5][84]
Revenge of Odessa 2025 Sequel to The Odessa File. Written with Tony Kent. Scheduled to be released on 2 September 2025. [85]

The following four works listed above are not fictional novels or novellas: The Biafra Story (1969), Emeka (1982), Great Flying Stories (1991) and The Outsider (2015).[34][79]

Filmography

[edit]

As writer only.

Film

[edit]
Year Title Notes Ref.
1973 The Day of the Jackal Adapted from The Day of the Jackal [5]
1974 The Odessa File Adapted from The Odessa File [5]
1980 The Dogs of War Adapted from The Dogs of War [5]
1987 The Fourth Protocol Adapted from The Fourth Protocol [5]
1997 The Jackal Based on the 1973 film [22]
2023 The Shepherd Adapted from The Shepherd [86]

Television

[edit]
Year Title Notes Ref.
1973 Money with Menaces TV play; one of 10 short stories in No Comebacks [87][88]
1980 Cry of the Innocent TV film [89]
1984 Two by Forsyth 2 episodes: "Privilege" and "A Careful Man" [90]
1989–90 Frederick Forsyth Presents 6 episodes; as writer and presenter [91]
1996 Code Name: Wolverine TV film [92]
2005 Icon TV film; adapted from Icon [93]
2006 Avenger TV film; adapted from Avenger [94]
2024 The Day of the Jackal Adapted from The Day of the Jackal [95]

Theatre

[edit]
Year Title Notes
2010 Love Never Dies West End; partially adapted from The Phantom of Manhattan[96]

Video

[edit]
Year Title Notes
2012 Love Never Dies Direct-to-video[97]

Video games

[edit]
Year Title Notes
1985 The Fourth Protocol Adapted from The Fourth Protocol[98]

Music videos

[edit]
Year Title Artist
2016 "Fallen Soldier" Melissa Alder[99]

Music

[edit]

Forsyth wrote lyrics to a lament titled "Fallen Soldier", with music by Gareth Ellis Williams, which was released as a single by Royal Opera House soprano Melissa Alder in 2016.[100]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nwelue, Onyek [@onyekanwelue] (6 June 2024). "Listen to Frederick Forsyth address Wole Soyinka about their last night in Biafra.
    I went to speak to him about Biafra, for my historical novel, "The Women of Biafra.""     (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  2. ^ "Forsyth, Frederick _ meaning of Forsyth, Frederick in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English _ LDOCE". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  3. ^ Leeman, Sue (3 September 2006). "Forsyth Looks at World of Al-Qaida". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Frederick Forsyth: Life as a thriller writer, fighter pilot, journalist and spy". BBC News. 9 June 2025. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Koseluk, Chris (9 June 2025). "Frederick Forsyth, Author of 'The Day of the Jackal,' Dies at 86". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 10 June 2025.
  6. ^ "No. 40902". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 October 1956. p. 5846.
  7. ^ "No. 41165". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 September 1957. p. 5169.
  8. ^ "No. 41687". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 April 1959. pp. 2611–2612.
  9. ^ Parkel, Inga (9 June 2025). "Frederick Forsyth, The Day of the Jackal author, dies aged 86". The Independent. Archived from the original on 10 June 2025. Retrieved 12 June 2025.
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  11. ^ a b Lea, Richard (9 June 2025). "Frederick Forsyth, Day of the Jackal author and former MI6 agent, dies aged 86". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 June 2025.
  12. ^ "Frederick Forsyth". Biblio (biography). Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  13. ^ Flood, Alison (1 September 2015). "Frederick Forsyth: I Was an MI6 Agent". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
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