List of food origins
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This is a list of food items by the region of the world they originate or were domesticated in.
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Some foods have always been common in every continent, such as many seafood and plants. Examples of these are honey, ants, mussels, crabs and coconuts. Nikolai Vavilov initially identified the centers of origin for eight crop plants, subdividing them further into twelve groups in 1935.[1]
Items common to most regions
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]- Dandelion greens
Fruits
[edit]- Coconuts
- Cranberry (species are native to subarctic regions)
- Elderberry (not present in tropical regions)
- Mulberry
- Raspberry (not present in Africa)
- Wild strawberry (not present in Africa)
- Yellow plum (common to tropical regions, excluding North America, Europe, and West Asia)
Meats
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Other
[edit]- Birch syrup (produced from birch trees which are native to Europe, North Asia, and North America)
Africa
[edit]East Africa
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Other
[edit]West Africa
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]- Cowpea or black-eye peas
- Hausa groundnut
- Pigeon pea
- Yam
Fruits
[edit]Meats
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Other
[edit]Asia
[edit]
East and Southeast Asia
[edit]Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]Meats
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Other
[edit]Southern Asia or Indian Subcontinent
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Other
[edit]Western Asia or Middle East
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]Meats
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Europe
[edit]Northern Europe
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]- Blackcurrant
- Briançon apricot
- Cloudberry
- Garden strawberry (domesticated variety)
- Gooseberry
- Guelder rose
- Hawberry
- Lingonberry
- Pear
- Red raspberry
- Redcurrant
- Sloe
- Bilberry
Meats
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Southern Europe or Mediterranean
[edit]
Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Oceania
[edit]Australia
[edit]Fruits of Australian origin
[edit]
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Although the fruits of Australia were eaten for thousands of years as bushfood by Aboriginal people, they have only been recently recognized for their culinary qualities by non-indigenous people. Many are regarded for their piquancy and spice-like qualities for use in cooking and preserves. Some Australian fruits also have exceptional nutritional qualities, including high vitamin C and other antioxidants.
- Black apple (Planchonella australis; Sapotaceae)
- Blue tongue (Melastoma affine; Melastomataceae)
- Broad-leaf bramble (Rubus hillii; Rosaceae)
- Burdekin plum (Pleiogynium timoriense; Anacardiaceae)
- Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia carissoides; Myrtaceae)
- Cluster fig (Ficus racemosa; Moraceae)
- Common apple-berry (Billardiera scandens; Pittosporaceae)
- Conkerberry (Carissa lanceolata; Apocynaceae)
- Davidson's plum (Davidsonia spp.; Cunoniaceae)
- Desert fig (Ficus platypoda; Moraceae)
- Desert lime (Citrus glauca; Rutaceae)
- Doubah (Marsdenia australis; Apocynaceae)
- Emu apple (Owenia acidula; Meliaceae)
- Fibrous satinash (Syzygium fibrosum; Myrtaceae)
- Finger lime (Citrus australasica; Rutaceae)
- Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus; Podocarpaceae)
- Kakadu lime (Citrus gracilis; Rutaceae)
- Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana; Combretaceae)
- Karkalla (Carpobrotus rossii; Aizoaceae)
- Lady apple (Syzygium suborbiculare; Myrtaceae)
- Lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula; Rutaceae)
- Little gooseberry tree (Buachanania arborescens; Anacardiaceae)
- Midyim (Austromyrtus dulcis; Myrtaceae)
- Mountain pepper (Tasmannia spp.; Winteraceae)
- Muntries (Kunzea pomifera; Myrtaceae)
- Native cherry (Exocarpus cupressiformis; Santalaceae)
- Native currant (Acrotriche depressa; Ericaceae)
- Pigface (Carpobrotus glaucescens; Aizoaceae)
- Quandong (Santalum acuminatum; Elaeocarpaceae)
- Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii; Myrtaceae)
- Sandpaper fig (Ficus coronata; Moraceae)
- Snow berry (Gaultheria hispida; Ericaceae)
- Sweet apple-berry (Billardiera cymosa; Pittosporaceae)
- White aspen (Acronychia oblongifolia; Rutaceae)
- Wild orange (Capparis mitchellii; Capparaceae)
Seeds and nuts
[edit]Austranesia and New Guinea
[edit]Austronesia is the broad region covering the islands of both the Indian and the Pacific oceans settled by Austronesian peoples originating from Taiwan and southern China, starting at around 3,500 to 2,000 BCE. These regions include Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania (Melanesia), Remote Oceania (Micronesia and Polynesia), Madagascar, and the Comoros Islands. Contact and cultural exchange with early Papuan agriculture in New Guinea also led to homogenization of the agriculture of the two ethnolinguistic groups. The plants originating from Austronesia and New Guinea include:[2][3]
Meat
[edit]- Bos javanicus (banteng)
- Bubalus bubalis (carabao)
Animal products
[edit]- Aerodramus fuciphagus (edible-nest swiftlet)
Seafood
[edit]- Birgus latro (coconut crab)
- Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn)
Nuts
[edit]- Barringtonia edulis
- Barringtonia novae-hiberniae
- Barringtonia procera
- Canarium harveyi
- Canarium indicum
- Canarium ovatum (pili)
- Canarium salomonense
- Castanopsis acuminatissima
- Cocos nucifera (coconut)
- Cordia subcordata (beach cordia)
- Euryale ferox (fox nut)
- Finschia chloroxanthia
- Gnetum latifolium
- Inocarpus fagifer (Tahitian chestnut)
- Omphalea gageana
- Pangium edule (pangi)
- Terminalia catappa (sea almond)
- Terminalia kaernbachii (okari nut)
- Sterculia vitiensis
Grains
[edit]- Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's tears)
- Oryza sativa (rice)
Root crops
[edit]- Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro)
- Alpinia galanga (lengkuas)
- Alpinia vanoverberghii (akbab)
- Amomum acre (panasa cardamom)
- Amomum lepicarpum (gadang)
- Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (elephant foot yam)
- Boesenbergia rotunda (fingerroot)
- Colocasia esculenta (taro)
- Cordyline fruticosa (ti)
- Cyrtosperma merkusii (swamp taro)
- Dioscorea alata (ube, purple yam)
- Dioscorea bulbifera (air yam)
- Dioscorea esculenta (lesser yam)
- Dioscorea nummularia (Pacific yam)
- Dioscorea pentaphylla (fiveleaf yam)
- Dioscorea transversa (pencil yam)
- Eleocharis dulcis (water chestnut)
- Etlingera elatior (torch ginger)
- Pueraria lobata (East Asian arrowroot)
- Tacca leontopetaloides (Polynesian arrowroot)
- Zingiber officinale (ginger)
- Zingiber zerumbet (bitter ginger)
Vegetables and herbs
[edit]- Abelmoschus manihot (island cabbage)
- Amaranthus gracilis (green amaranth)
- Amaranthus tricolor (Chinese spinach)
- Asplenium spp.
- Athyrium spp.
- Ctenitis spp.
- Cyathea spp. (tree ferns)
- Cymbopogon spp. (lemongrass)
- Dennstaedtia spp.
- Diplazium spp.
- Diplazium esculentum (pako)
- Dryopteris spp.
- Erythrina variegata (coral tree)
- Ficus copiosa (sandpaper cabbage)
- Gnetum gnemon
- Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach)
- Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd)
- Laportea interrupta
- Pandanus amaryllifolius (pandan)
- Piper cubeba (cubeb pepper)
- Piper ornatum (Celebes pepper)
- Piper retrofractum (Javanese long pepper)
- Piper sarmentosum (lolot pepper)
- Polyscias spp. (panax)
- Saccharum edule
- Setaria palmifolia
- Syzygium aromaticum (clove)
- Syzygium polyanthum (Indonesian bay leaf)
Fruits
[edit]- Anacolosa frutescens (galo)
- Antidesma bunius (bugnay)
- Antidesma montanum
- Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)
- Artocarpus anisophyllus (entawak)
- Artocarpus camansi (breadnut)
- Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit)
- Artocarpus integer (cempedak)
- Artocarpus lacucha (lakuch)
- Artocarpus mariannensis (Marianas breadfruit)
- Artocarpus odoratissimus (marang)
- Artocarpus treculianus (tipuho)
- Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)
- Averrhoa carambola (star fruit)
- Benincasa hispida (wax gourd)
- Burckella obovata (red silkwood)
- Calamus manillensis (edible rattan)
- Citrus hystrix (kaffir lime)
- Citrus halimii (mountain citron)
- Citrus macroptera (Melanesian papeda)
- Citrus hystrix var. micrantha (small-fruited papeda)
- Citrus microcarpa (calamansi)
- Citrus x webberii (kalpi)
- Clymenia platypoda
- Clymenia polyandra
- Corynocarpus cribbianus
- Cryptocarya aromatica
- Cucumis sativus (cucumber)
- Dillenia philippinensis (elephant apple or katmon)
- Dimocarpus didyma (alupag)
- Dimocarpus longan (longan)
- Diospyros discolor (velvet apple)
- Dracontomelon costatum
- Dracontomelon dao (dragon plum)
- Dracontomelon duperreanum
- Dracontomelon lenticulatum
- Dracontomelon vitiense
- Durio spp. (durian)
- Elaeagnus triflora (millaa vine)
- Embelia philippinensis (lando)
- Ficus minahassae (alomit)
- Ficus tinctoria
- Ficus wassa
- Flacourtia rukam (rukam)
- Garcinia binucao (binukaw)
- Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen)
- Garcinia prainiana (button mangosteen)
- Garcinia pseudoguttifera
- Garcinia vidalii (piris)
- Hornstedtia scottiana (jiddo)
- Lansium parasiticum (lanzones)
- Melastoma malabathricum
- Mangifera foetida
- Mangifera minor
- Medinilla pendula
- Morinda citrifolia (noni)
- Morus alba (white mulberry)
- Musa spp. (banana)
- Musa × troglodytarum (fe'i banana)
- Nephelium chryseum
- Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan)
- Nephelium philippense (bulala)
- Pandanus conoideus
- Pandanus lamekotensis
- Pandanus tectorius
- Parartocarpus venenosa
- Pipturus argenteus
- Pometia pinnata (island lychee)
- Puteria maclayana
- Rubus ellipticus (golden Himalayan raspberyy)
- Rubus fraxinifolius
- Rubus rosifolius (Vanuatu raspberry)
- Sandoricum koetjape (santol)
- Spondias cytherea (golden apple)
- Syzygium aqueum (water apple)
- Syzygium cumini (Java plum)
- Syzygium jambos (jambos)
- Syzygium lineatum (lubeg)
- Syzygium malaccense (Mountain apple)
- Syzygium polycephaloides (lipote)
- Syzygium samarangense (Java apple)
- Terminalia megalocarpa
- Terminalia solomonensis
- Terminalia lapalagon
- Vaccinium barandanum (lusong)
- Vaccinium myrtoides (ayosep)
Other
[edit]- Areca catechu (areca nut)
- Arenga pinnata (arenga sugar palm)
- Borassus flabellifer (tala palm)
- Calamus hollrungii
- Caryota rumphiana
- Caryota urens (toddy palm or fishtail palm)
- Caulerpa lentillifera (latô)
- Cinnamomum mercadoi (kalingag)
- Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (saffron laurel)
- Cycas rumphii (queen sago palm)
- Cycas scratchleyana
- Eucheuma spp. (gusô)
- Gelidiaceae (agar)
- Metroxylon amicarum
- Metroxylon bougainvillense
- Metroxylon sagu (sago palm)
- Metroxylon solomonense
- Metroxylon vitiense
- Metroxylon warburgii
- Myristica spp. (wild nutmeg)
- Nypa fruticans (nipa palm)
- Piper betle (betel)
- Piper methysticum (kava)
- Saccharum spp. (sugarcane)
Americas
[edit]North America
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]- American persimmon
- American plum
- American raspberry
- Beach plum
- Black cherry
- Black raspberry
- Blackberry
- Blueberry
- Buffaloberry
- Canada plum
- Canadian serviceberry
- Chokecherry
- Desert apricot
- Dewberry
- Eastern may hawthorn
- Fox grape
- Ground plum
- Huckleberry
- Maypop
- Pawpaw
- Red mulberry
- Salal
- Salmonberry
- Saskatoonberry
- Saw palmetto
- Thimbleberry
- Toyon
- Wintergreen
Meats
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Other
[edit]Central America and Caribbean
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]- Maize (corn)
Vegetables
[edit]- Common bean or Pole bean
- Jicama
- Prickly pear cactus
- Scarlet runner bean or Butter bean
- Squash species (acorn squash, butternut squash, pumpkin, and zucchini)
- Strangler fig
- Yucca
Fruits
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Other
[edit]South America
[edit]
Grains/Cereals
[edit]
Vegetables
[edit]Fruits
[edit]Meats
[edit]Seeds/Nuts
[edit]Herbs/Spices
[edit]Other
[edit]See also
[edit]
- Ark of Taste – Catalogue of endangered foods
- List of culinary fruits
- List of culinary herbs and spices
- List of culinary nuts
- List of dried foods
- List of edible seeds
- List of snack foods
- List of vegetables
- Local food – Food produced within a short distance of where it is consumed
- Neolithic Revolution – Transition in human history from hunter-gatherer to settled peoples
- New World crops – Crops native to the New World
References
[edit]- ^ Corinto, Gian Luigi (2014). "Nikolai Vavilov's Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants With a View to Conserving Agricultural Biodiversity". Human Evolution. 29 (4): 285–301.
- ^ Osmond, Meredith (1998). "Horticultural practices" (PDF). In Ross, Malcolm; Pawley, Andrew; Osmond, Meredith (eds.). Vol. 1: Material Culture. The lexicon of Proto Oceanic : The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 115–142. doi:10.15144/PL-C152.115.
- ^ Walter, Annie; Lebot, Vincent (2007). Gardens of Oceania. IRD Éditions-CIRAD. ISBN 9781863204705.
