Modernist film

Modernist film is related to the art and philosophy of modernism.
History
[edit]
Early modernist film came to maturity in the era between World War I and World War II, with characteristics such as montage and symbolic imagery, manifesting itself in genres as diverse as expressionism and surrealism (as featured in the works of Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel)[1] while postmodernist film – similar to postmodernism as a whole – is a reaction to modernist works, and to their tendencies (such as nostalgia and angst).[2] Modernist cinema has been said to have "explored and exposed the formal concerns of the medium by placing them at the forefront of consciousness."[3] The auteur theory and idea of an author creating a work from their singular vision became a central characteristic of modernist filmmaking. It has been said that "To investigate the transparency of the image is modernist but to undermine its reference to reality is to engage with the aesthetics of postmodernism."[4][5] The modernist film has more faith in the author, the individual, and the accessibility of reality itself (and generally has a more sincere tone[6]) than the postmodernist film.
List of notable modernist films
[edit]- Cabiria (1914)
- Intolerance (1916)
- The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)
- Manhatta (1921)
- Ballet Mécanique (1923)
- The Last Laugh (1924)
- Sherlock Jr. (1924)
- Battleship Potemkin (1925)
- The Lodger (1927)
- Sunrise (1927)
- Metropolis (1927)
- Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis (1927)
- The Crowd (1928)
- The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
- Steamboat Bill Jr. (1928)
- The Cameraman (1928)
- The Fall of the House of Usher (1928)
- Un Chien Andalou (1929)
- Man with a Movie Camera (1929)
- L'Age d'Or (1930)
- Frankenstein (1931)
- Dracula (1931)
- Two Happy Hearts (1932)
- The Tale of Tsar Durondai (1934)
- A Story of Floating Weeds (1934)
- The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
- Daffy Duck and Egghead (1938)
- Olympia (1938)
- Thugs with Dirty Mugs (1939)
- Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
- Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939)
- Stagecoach (1939)
- Rebecca (1940)
- The Great Dictator (1940)
- The Heckling Hare (1941)
- Citizen Kane (1941)
- The Maltese Falcon (1941)
- Cat People (1942)
- Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)
- Who Killed Who (1943)
- Screwball Squirrel (1944)
- Double Indemnity (1944)
- Rome, Open City (1945)
- Leave Her to Heaven (1945)
- Detour (1945)
- Gilda (1946)
- A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
- Lonesome Lenny (1946)
- The Killers (1946)
- Out of the Past (1947)
- The Naked City (1948)
- The Boy with Green Hair (1948)
- The Bicycle Thieves (1949)
- The Third Man (1949)
- Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950)
- The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
- Sunset Boulevard (1950)
- Rashomon (1950)
- Son of Paleface (1952)
- Singin' in the Rain (1952)
- Magical Maestro (1952)
- High Noon (1952)
- Duck Amuck (1953; also been called a postmodernist film)
- La Strada (1954)
- Voyage to Italy (1954)
- Magnificent Obsession (1954)
- Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
- Artists and Models (1955)
- All That Heaven Allows (1955; also been called a postmodernist film)
- The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959)
- Kiss Me Deadly (1955)
- The Girl Can't Help It (1956)
- The Jaywalker (1956)
- The Seventh Seal (1956)
- Wild Strawberries (1957)
- N.Y., N.Y. (1957)
- Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957)
- Vertigo (1958)
- Hiroshima mon amour (1959; also been called a postmodernist film)
- The 400 Blows (1959)
- L'Avventura (1960; also been called a postmodernist film)
- La dolce vita (1960)
- Breathless (1960)
- The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1961)
- Last Year at Marienbad (1961; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Allures (1961)
- La Notte (1961)
- Surogat (1961)
- Gay Purr-ee (1962)
- Now Hear This (1962)
- Experiment in Terror (1962)
- Two Weeks in Another Town (1962)
- The Servant (1963)
- 8½ (1963; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Shock Corridor (1963)
- The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon (1963)
- Marnie (1964)
- Mass for the Dakota Sioux (1964)
- Time Piece (1965)
- Pierrot le Fou (1965, also been called a postmodernist film)
- The Hand (1965)
- Breakaway (1966)
- Persona (1966; also called a postmodernist film)
- Andrei Rublev (1966)
- The Pop Show (1966)
- Here Is Your Life (1966)
- Blowup (1966; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Au hasard Balthazar (1966)
- Playtime (1967; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Accident (1967)
- Report (1967)
- Symbiopsychotaxiplasm: Take One (1968; also called a postmodernist film))
- Black Panthers (1968)
- Medium Cool (1968)
- Monterey Pop (1968)
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968; also been called a postmodernist film)
- God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves Us When We Dance (1968)
- Funeral Parade of Roses (1969; also called a postmodernist film)
- In the Year of the Pig (1969)
- My Name Is Oona (1969)
- The Color of Pomegranates (1969; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Zabriskie Point (1970)
- Gimme Shelter (1970)
- The Murder of Fred Hampton (1971)
- W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism (1971)
- Punishment Park (1971)
- Day for Night (1973; also called a postmodernist film)
- The Holy Mountain (1973; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Apple in the River (1974)
- A Woman Under the Influence (1974)
- The Diary (1974)
- Arabesque (1975)
- Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975)
- The Mirror (1975)
- Mr. Klein (1976)
- Tale of Tales (1979)
- Bubble Bath (1979)
- Dead Mountaineer's Hotel (1979)
List of notable modernist filmmakers
[edit]- Chantal Ackerman
- Robert Aldrich
- Michelangelo Antonioni (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Tex Avery (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jordan Belson
- Ingmar Bergman (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Stan Brakhage
- Robert Bresson
- Luis Buñuel
- John Cassavetes (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Shirley Clarke
- Bruce Conner (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jules Dassin
- Emile de Antonio
- Maya Deren
- Carl Theodore Dreyer
- Blake Edwards
- Rainer Werner Fassbinder
- Federico Fellini (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- John Ford
- Sam Fuller
- Jean-Luc Godard (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- William Greaves (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- D.W. Griffith
- Alfred Hitchcock (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- John and Faith Hubley
- Chuck Jones (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Buster Keaton
- William Klein
- Stanley Kubrick (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Akira Kurosawa
- Fritz Lang
- Joseph Losey
- Ida Lupino
- Len Lye
- Chris Marker (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Norman McLaren
- Oscar Micheaux
- Vincente Minnelli
- Yasujirō Ozu
- Nicholas Ray
- Satyajit Ray
- Alain Resnais (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Tony Richardson
- Roberto Rossellini
- Douglas Sirk (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Andrei Tarkovsky
- Frank Tashlin
- Jacques Tati (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jacques Tourneur
- Jiri Trnka
- François Truffaut (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Agnès Varda (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Dziga Vertov
- Orson Welles (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- John Whitney
- Edward D. Wood Jr.

Sources:[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120]
See also
[edit]- Minimalist film
- Maximalist film
- European art cinema
- Film noir
- Classical Hollywood cinema
- Melodrama
- Arthouse animation
- B movie
- Art film
- Vulgar auteurism
- World cinema
- Golden age of American animation
- Independent animation
- Limited animation
- A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies
References
[edit]- ^ Characteristics of a Modernist Film|Our Pastimes
- ^ Beyond the subtitle: remapping European art cinema: Betz, Mark - Google Books (pg.34)
- ^ Beginning Postmodernism, Manchester University Press: 1999 by Tim Woods
- ^ Dragan Milovanovic (15 March 2009). "Dueling Paradigms: Modernist v. Postmodern Thought". American Society of Criminology.
- ^ "Reading the Postmodern Image: A Cognitive Mapping," Screen: 31, 4 (Winter 1990) by Tony Wilson
- ^ The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker|Collider
- ^ Perry, Ted (2006). Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253347718.
- ^ Modernism and Film - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
- ^ Murphy, Richard (2007). "Modernism and the Cinema: Metropolis and the Expressionist Aesthetic". Comparative Critical Studies. 4 (1): 105–120. doi:10.3366/ccs.2007.4.1.105. S2CID 145016904.
- ^ Vertigo - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
- ^ "Modernism and Citizen Kane" by George R. Robinson - BMCC
- ^ The Big Sleep: Cinema and Modernism > National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea
- ^ German Cinema, 1920-1930 — Modernism Lab
- ^ Kovács, András Bálint (2006). "Sartre, the Philosophy of Nothingness, and the Modern Melodrama". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 64 (1): 135–145. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8529.2006.00235.x. JSTOR 3700498.
- ^ Film Noir and the Spaces of Modernity —— Edward Dimendberg|Harvard University Press
- ^ Cinema and modernism - The British Library
- ^ The forgotten glamour and modernism of 1930s Italian cinema sets – Museum Crush
- ^ Modernism, Montage, and Social Commentary in Early City Films — Indiana University Cinema
- ^ Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal
- ^ How Chantal Akerman's modernist masterpiece changed cinema - BBC Culture
- ^ Screening Modernism —— Cineaste Magazine
- ^ Anthology Film Archives : Film Screenings
- ^ American Stranger: Modernisms, Hollywood, and the Cinema of Nicholas Ray (Suny Series) (Paperback)|University Press Books/Berkeley
- ^ Sirk/Fassbinder: Melodrama Mutations|White City Cinema
- ^ Evans, Victoria L. (2017). Douglas Sirk, Aesthetic Modernism and the Culture of Modernity. ISBN 9781474409391. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1pwt8s4.
- ^ Battleship Potemkin makes us strong|World cinema|The Guardian
- ^ American Stranger - Google Books
- ^ Key avant-garde films from the roaring '20s :: September 2011 :: Cassone
- ^ The sad and the beautiful : Val Lewton and Vincette Minnelli at the Stanford Theatre|The Stanford Daily
- ^ Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema - Indiana University Press
- ^ THE WORK OF IDA LUPINO EARNS SOME OVERDUE PRAISE - Chicago Tribune
- ^ Table of Contents: Masterpieces of modernist cinema/ - Villanova University
- ^ Modernity: A Film by Alfred Hitchcock — Senses of Cinema
- ^ Established Modernism, 1962-1966 - Chicago Scholarship
- ^ “ ‘Saved from the Blessings of Civilization’: Stagecoach, the West, and American Vernacular Modernism” - Michael Valdez Moses, Duke University
- ^ Yasujiro Ozu: 10 essential films|BFI
- ^ The Rashomon Effect|The Current|The Criterion Collection
- ^ A Quickie Look at the Life & Career of Tex Avery - Bright Lights Film Journal
- ^ Tex Avery: Arch-Radicalizer of the Hollywood Cartoon - Bright Lights Journal
- ^ That's All, Folks - The Washington Post
- ^ The 100 Most Influential Sequences in Animation History - Vulture
- ^ The Cartoon Renegades - The New York Times
- ^ Alternative Visions: Animation|BAMPFA
- ^ Independent Spirits: Faith Hubley/John Hubley (2003) - Turner Classic Movies
- ^ Wolfgram Evans, Noell K. (26 April 2011). Animators of Film and Television: Nineteen Artists, Writers, Producers and Others. McFarland. ISBN 9780786448326.
- ^ Amit Chaudhuri on Satyajit Ray's very Indian modernity: Not a 'beginning' as much as a 'fruition' - Scroll.in
- ^ Cinema, Emergence, and the Films of Satyajit Ray - Google Books (pg.195)
- ^ The Riddle of the Chicken: The Work of Norman McLaren — Senses of Cinema
- ^ The world of Len Lye|Govett-Brewster Art Gallery|Len Lye Centre
- ^ "Pretty Good for the 21st Century||Keep It Moving?
- ^ Film and Literary Modernism - Google Books
- ^ The Statues Still Stood: The Third Man and Third Spaces|Modernism / Modernity Print+
- ^ The Development of a Modernist Narrative in Selected Film of Joseph Losey - CORE
- ^ Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism on JSTOR
- ^ Ten Great Movies for Placemakers —— Project for Public Spaces
- ^ Black & White & Noir: American Pulp Modernism - Google Books (pgs.11-12)
- ^ Hilliker, Lee (2002). "In the Modernist Mirror: Jacques Tati and the Parisian Landscape". The French Review. 76 (2): 318–329. JSTOR 3132711.
- ^ The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker|Collider
- ^ Carney, Raymond (28 January 1994). The Films of John Cassavetes: Pragmatism, Modernism, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521388153.
- ^ The Daring, Original, and Overlooked "Symbiopyschotaxiplasm: Take One"|The New Yorker
- ^ Blake Edwards's 'The Great Race' and 'The Party' - The New York Times
- ^ The Bitter Essence of Blake Edwards|Screening the Past
- ^ Filmmuseum - Program SD
- ^ Hard Clarity, Vaporous Ambiguity: The Fusion of Realism and Modernism in Antonioni's early 1960s Films - Senses of Cinema
- ^ Modernist Master: Michelangelo Antonioni | BAMPFA
- ^ Mr. Klein (1976)|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Mr. Klein | BAMPFA
- ^ Pierrot Le Fou’s Discourse on the Infection of Americanism in Europe and the Absurdity of Modern Society|Culled Culture
- ^ "All right: where am I?" "Looney Tunes" Animation as Modernist Performance on JSTOR
- ^ John Cassavetes: The First Dogma Director? - Bright Lights Film Journal
- ^ McElhaney, Joe (February 2012). The Death of Classical Cinema: Hitchcock, Lang, Minnelli. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791481110.
- ^ A Modernist Cinema - Google Books
- ^ Was postmodernism born with Close Encounters of the Third Kind?|Culture|The Guardian
- ^ Kubrick's Total Cinema: Philosophical Themes and Formal Qualities - Google Books
- ^ Time Machines: After Kubrick: A Filmmaker's Legacy, edited by Jeremi Szaniawski · Senses of Cinema
- ^ Hutcheon, Linda (1990). "An epilogue: Postmodern parody: History, subjectivity, and ideology". Quarterly Review of Film and Video. 12 (1–2): 125–133. doi:10.1080/10509209009361343.
- ^ Hiroshima mon amour's Unforgettable Opening|Current|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Horror versus Terror in the Body Genre | CINEACTION
- ^ Emile de Antonio - Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
- ^ Lessons of Documentary: Reality, Representation, and Cinematic Expressivity - American Society For Aesthetics
- ^ MUBI Collection: BEING GREEN: JIM HENSON'S EARLY SHORTS|MUBI
- ^ Designers in Context: Film, Advertising, and Modernism - The Visualist
- ^ Agnès Varda Was a Living Work of Art - The Hollywood Reporter
- ^ Eclipse Series 19: Chantal Akerman in the Seventies|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Here Is Your Life (1966)|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Voyage into the unknown | Movies - The Guardian
- ^ A Matter of Life and Death (1946)|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Hippie Modernism: Cinema and Counterculture, 1964-1974 - BAMPFA
- ^ Theater 2 Hippie Modernism Shorts - BAMPFA
- ^ Hippie Modernism: The Struggle for Utopia At The Berkeley Art Museum | East Bay Express
- ^ Elegy to Ecstasy: Films from Canyon Cinema - BAMPFA
- ^ Festival Express|BAMPFA
- ^ Vulgar Modernism - Artfourm International
- ^ Vulgar Modernism - Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism
- ^ Simpson, Philip; Utterson, Andrew; Shepherdson, Karen J. (2004). Film Theory: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 171. ISBN 9780415259750.
- ^ Five films that influenced Jean-Luc Godard|Far Out Magazine
- ^ Jiří Trnka Shorts: Mature Mastery | American Cinematheque
- ^ The Czech Year - Harvard Film Archive
- ^ Bashara, Dan (2 April 2019). Cartoon Vision: UPA Animation and Postwar Aesthetics. Univ of California Press. ISBN 9780520298132.
- ^ Global Animation Theory - International Perspectives at Animafest Zagreb - Bloomsbury Collections
- ^ Sollors, Werner (2008). Ethnic modernism (First Harvard University Press paperback ed.). Cambridge, Mass. p. 8. ISBN 9780674030916.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Murray, Robin L. (2011). That's all folks? : ecocritical readings of American animated features. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 85–89. ISBN 9780803235120.
- ^ Why Do Movies Feel So Different Now? - Thomas Flight on YouTube
- ^ Six facts about Jean-Luc Goddard – the godfather of modernist cinema|Evening Standard
- ^ What Made Buster Keaton’s Comedy So Modern?|The New Yorker
- ^ 'And Walt Went Crazy' - Animation Obsessive
- ^ Bubble Bath review – hallucinogenic animated musical is a work of 70s genius|Movies|The Guardian
- ^ Habfürdő in the 2020-2021 Season of Classic Films Catalogue|Gyorgy Kovasznai
- ^ The Servant (1963)|The Criterion Collection
- ^ La notte (1961)|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Hippie Medium - Artfourm
- ^ United Productions of America and Cartoon Modernism · Bosustow Family Film Collection · Indiana University Libraries Movie Image Archive
- ^ 12 Totally Strange and Underseen Animated Films|PopMatters
- ^ Modernist Cinema|Meer
- ^ What Makes Citizen Kane the Greatest Film of All Time?|TheCollector
- ^ How THE BIG SLEEP Made Detectives Postmodern - Film Requiry
- ^ Theories of Modernism in Cinema|Voices|Sylff Official Website
- ^ Godard Was Cinema|The Nation
- ^ Post-War Modernist Cinema and Philosophy - Google Books
- ^ Early Anime Features: Two 1960s Classics|Cartoon Research