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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 May 16;19(5):e0293437.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293437. eCollection 2024.

Gender differences in PTSD severity and pain outcomes: Baseline results from the LAMP trial

Jessica K Friedman  1 , Brent C Taylor  2   3 , Emily Hagel Campbell  2 , Kelli Allen  4   5 , Ann Bangerter  2 , Mariah Branson  2 , Gert Bronfort  6 , Collin Calvert  2   3 , Lee J S Cross  2 , Mary A Driscoll  7   8 , Ronni Evans  6 , John E Ferguson  3 , Alex Haley  6 , Sierra Hennessy  2 , Laura A Meis  2   3   9 , Diana J Burgess  2   3
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Gender differences in PTSD severity and pain outcomes: Baseline results from the LAMP trial

Jessica K Friedman et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain are highly prevalent comorbid conditions. Veterans dually burdened by PTSD and chronic pain experience more severe outcomes compared to either disorder alone. Few studies have enrolled enough women Veterans to test gender differences in pain outcomes [catastrophizing, intensity, interference] by the severity of PTSD symptoms.

Aim: Examine gender differences in the association between PTSD symptoms and pain outcomes among Veterans enrolled in a chronic pain clinical trial.

Methods: Participants were 421 men and 386 women Veterans with chronic pain who provided complete data on PTSD symptoms and pain outcomes. We used hierarchical linear regression models to examine gender differences in pain outcomes by PTSD symptoms.

Results: Adjusted multivariable models indicated that PTSD symptoms were associated with higher levels of pain catastrophizing (0.57, 95% CI [0.51, 0.63]), pain intensity (0.30, 95% CI [0.24, 0.37]), and pain interference (0.46, 95% CI [0.39, 0.52]). No evidence suggesting gender differences in this association were found in either the crude or adjusted models (all interaction p-values<0.05).

Conclusion: These findings may reflect the underlying mutual maintenance of these conditions whereby the sensation of pain could trigger PTSD symptoms, particularly if the trauma and pain are associated with the same event. Clinical implications and opportunities testing relevant treatments that may benefit both chronic pain and PTSD are discussed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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